Minireview: Adrenal-gonadal interactions at puberty

Ramaley, Judith A.

doi:10.1016/0024-3205(74)90264-1

Cited by 62 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…This prepubertal adrenal activity is not specific to man and can also be found in animals, in particular the rat. Immunoreactive progesterone and oestrogens also seem to be of adrenal origin at the onset of puberty (Morera et al, 1974;Ramaley, 1974), and adrenalectomy in female rats between the ages of 18 and 20 days significantly delays the opening of the vagina (Gorski & Lawton, 1973).…”

Section: G O N a D A L F U N C T I O N I N T H E C H I L D A N D A D mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal Relationships in Man From Birth to Puberty

Forest

Peretti

Bertrand

1976

Clinical Endocrinology

134

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Gonadal function depends upon activities at various levels. Thus there is: (a) a central level (extra-hypothalamic, hypothalamic, and anterior pituitary); (b) an intermediate level (gonadal and plasma), and (c) a peripheral level consisting of the target organs to which the hormonal message is directed. These determine both the expression of gonadal function (physical, physiological, or psychological) and the feedback regulation of the secretion of gonadotrophins.(a) Central level (i) Extra-hypothalamic centres. The production of LH releasing hormone (LHRH) is affected in the rat, and probably in primates as well, by extra-hypothalamic stimuli coming, in particular, from the amygdala and the hippocampus. Adrenergic regulation exists at this level, noradrenaline having a stimulatory and dopamine an inhibitory effect (Bliss et al., 1972).(ii) Hypothalamic centres. These are localized in particular in the pre-optic area. Immunochemical techniques have demonstrated that LHRH is secreted by neurones of the arcuate nucleus, and released into the capillary plexus proximal to the hypophyseal portal system at the level of the median eminence, thereby reaching the anterior pituitary (Barry & Dubois, 1974;Setalo et al., 1975).(iii) Gonadotrophin secreting cells of the anterior pituitary. These synthesize and secrete the gonadotrophins, LH and FSH, under the influence of LHRH (Schally et al., 1972). The pituitary gonadotrophins stimulate the synthesis and the secretion of the gonadal

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Section: G O N a D A L F U N C T I O N I N T H E C H I L D A N D A D mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal Relationships in Man From Birth to Puberty

Forest

Peretti

Bertrand

1976

Clinical Endocrinology

134

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“…Interestingly, RLA/Verh rats that have lighter adrenal glands show earlier development of the vaginal opening than do RHA/Verh rats with heavier adrenal glands, and the weight of the uterus in RLA/Vehr is comparatively heavier on the diestrus day of the 3rd estrous cycle [9]. Adrenal glands are involved in puberty, especially in female rats [9][10][11][12], and some cases of precocious puberty in both males and females occurred due to disorder of steroid hormone secretion from the adrenal glands [13,14]. However, no previous report has focused on the comparative aspects of male puberty in these strains that exhibit marked differences in responses to stress.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Comparative Study of Puberty, and Plasma Gonadotropin and Testicular Hormone Levels in Two Inbred Strains of Hatano Rats.

Satô

Ohta

Kojima

et al. 2002

Journal of Reproduction and Development

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Abstract. We found that two inbred strains of Hatano rats bred selectively for shuttlebox avoidance responses, had different characteristics of responses to stress and adrenal function. The characteristics of male puberty, including preputial separation, sperm number, and plasma hormone levels during development, were investigated and compared between the two strains. Body weight in highavoidance (HAA) rats was consistently heavier than that in low-avoidance (LAA) rats. Although the absolute testicular weight was heavier in HAA rats than in LAA rats during the juvenile period, after the peripubertal period the inverse finding was observed. Preputial separation occurred about 7 days earlier in HAA rats than in LAA rats. The testicular and epididymal sperm head number in HAA rats was greater than that in LAA rats during the peripubertal period, but there were no differences after sexual maturation. A steep increment of plasma gonadotropin levels was observed in HAA rats, and the levels were higher in HAA rats than in LAA rats during the peripubertal period. Plasma testosterone levels began to rise at a younger age in HAA rats than in LAA rats. It was concluded that HAA males sexually mature earlier than LAA males, and that these apparent strain differences in puberty are primarily dependent on gonadotropin levels during sexual maturation.

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“…The interaction of the gonadal and adrenal axes is evi denced by the variation of corticosterone (CS) levels with a peak on the day of proestms in normally cycling animals and the blockade of ovulation by exogenously administered adre nal steroids [22,23]. Studies of CS by radioimmunoassay have not been done in streptozotocin-diabetic female rats, but in creased adrenal production of testosterone and androstenedione has been documented [24], Diabetic male rats have an increased level of corticosterone, both basal and in response to ACTH administration [25, 26[. Normal reproductive capacity in the female requires inte grated function at many levels in a cyclic fashion; thus, it is con ceivable that defects occur at multiple sites simultaneously and are dependent on the duration and severity of the diabetes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Diabetes-Induced Alterations of Reproductive and Adrenal Function in the Female Rat

Valdés¹,

Elkind‐Hirsch²,

Rogers³

1990

Neuroendocrinology

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Diabetes interferes with reproductive function in laboratory animals. Previous studies in female diabetic rats have not resolved if the reproductive abnormalities observed are at the hypothalamic, pituitary and/or ovarian level. The interaction of the gonadal and adrenal axes has not been studied in the diabetic female rat. The purpose of this study is twofold: first, to determine the level of dysfunction in the hypothalamic-pituitary axis caused by diabetes in the adult female rat controlling for stage of the estrous cycle, and, second, to evaluate basal coricosterone secretion in female diabetic rats. Sixty cycling 40-day-old female rats were randomly assigned to 3 groups; control (n = 32), diabetic (n = 14), and diabetic insulin-replaced animals (n = 14). The level of hyperglycemia in each group was documented by glycosylated hemoglobin levels and biweekly blood glucoses. Three weeks after induction of diabetes, pituitary luteinizing hormone (LH) responsiveness following an i.v. injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) was assessed in representative diestrous rats from each group. All animals were sacrificed in either diestrus or proestrus for determination of GnRH concentration in the hypothalamus, LH and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) content in pituitary and LH, FSH, estradiol and corticosterone in serum. Uterine weight to body weight ratios (a bioassay for estrogen) were also calculated. Hypothalamic GnRH concentration was significantly lower in diabetic versus control diestrous rats. Basal pituitary and serum gonadotropin levels were not different between any groups. GnRH-stimulated serum LH levels were higher in diabetic vs. control and diabetic insulin-treated animals. LH surges occurred in the control and diabetic insulin-replaced but not the diabetic group. Estradiol levels and uterine weight/body weight ratios were high in control and diabetic insulin-replaced animals in proestrus, and low in untreated diabetic animals. Corticosterone levels were significantly lower in diabetic vs. control proestrous animals. The decreased GnRH concentration with normal basal pituitary function suggests that the abnormality in the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis in diabetes is at the hypothalamic level. Circulating corticosterone levels, which may impact on reproductive function, were not increased in our female diabetic rats as has been previously reported in diabetic male rats.

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Minireview: Adrenal-gonadal interactions at puberty

Cited by 62 publications

References 37 publications

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal Relationships in Man From Birth to Puberty

Hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal Relationships in Man From Birth to Puberty

A Comparative Study of Puberty, and Plasma Gonadotropin and Testicular Hormone Levels in Two Inbred Strains of Hatano Rats.

Diabetes-Induced Alterations of Reproductive and Adrenal Function in the Female Rat

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