Mining-induced seismicity at open pit mines in Kuzbass (Bachatsky earthquake on June 18, 2013)

Еманов, А. Ф.; Фатеев, А. В.; Leskova, E. V.; Shevkunova, E. V.; Podkorytova, V. G.

doi:10.1134/s1062739114020033

Cited by 36 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 1 publication

(1 reference statement)

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“…В-четвертых, одной из про-блем, регулярно привлекающих широкое внимание, является возможность изменения сейсмического ре-жима территории в результате тех или иных экзоген-ных воздействий. Актуальными примерами являются невиданная прежде сейсмичность в Кузбассе, где 18.06.2013 г. произошло сильнейшее Бачатское земле-трясение с магнитудой M L , равной 6.1 [Emanov et al, 2014], и радикальное увеличение сейсмической актив-ности в центральных регионах США, связанное с раз-вертыванием работ по добыче сланцевого газа. Если в течение многих лет в этом регионе стабильно наблю-далось примерно 20 довольно крупных землетрясений (M L >3) в год, то с началом интенсивной разработки месторождений в 2001 г. сейсмическая активность стала повышаться, и в 2011 г. было зафиксировано уже не 20, а почти 200 землетрясений [Ellsworth, 2013].…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Slow slip events: parameters, conditions of occurrence, and future research prospects

Грантович¹,

Борисовна²,

Александрович³

et al. 2014

Geodyn. Tectonophys.

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Slow slip events along faults and fractures are reviewed. Such inter-block displacements can be recorded at various scale levels and considered as transitional from quasi-stable (creep) to dynamic slip (earthquake). Such events include seismogenic slip along faults at velocities by one to three orders lower than those in case of 'normal' earthquakes, as well as aseismic slip cases. Discovering such events facilitates better understanding of how energy accumulated during deformation of the crust is released.Studying conditions and the evolution of transitional regimes can provide new important information on the structure and regularities of deformation in fault zones.Data from latest publications by different authors are consolidated, and the data analysis results are presented. Over 170 slow slip events are reviewed. Based on the consolidated data and modelling results obtained by the authors, relationships between parameters of the reviewed process are established, scale relations between the events are considered, and a firstapproximation analysis is conducted for impacts of geomaterial characteristics on various deformation regimes.Low-frequency earthquake foci and slow slip sites are most typically located in zones of transition from stable creep areas to seismogenic segments of the discontinuity (Fig. 3) It can be logically supposed that in such transitional zones, the interface has specific frictional properties providing for a regime that can be termed as 'conditionally stable slip'.The duration of slow deformation events is roughly proportional to the released seismic moment, while such a ratio is close to self-similarity in case of 'normal' earthquakes (Fig. 4). In case of slow slip, an area of the displaced section is larger by many factors than the corresponding value for an earthquake with the same seismic moment, while an average displacement amplitude along the fault is significantly smaller (Figures 5 and 6). Velocities of slip propagation along the fault strike are variable from a few hundred metres to 20-30 km/day. Slip velocities tend to decrease with scale (Fig. 7).Various slip modes were realized in laboratory experiments with slider model. Main specific features of slow slip along faults were simulated in the laboratory conditions. Possibilities for implementation of different deformation regimes were mainly determined by structure of simulated fault gouge. At equal Coulombic strength, small variations of structural characteristics, such as granulometric composition, grain shape, presence of fluid and its viscosity, may critically impact the deformation mode (Fig. 12).As evidenced by the data consolidated and analysed in this article, conditionally stable regimes of deformation of crustal discontinuities are a common phenomenon. Studies of such transitional deformation regimes seem promising for establishment of regularities in generation and evolution of dynamic events, such earthquakes, tectonic rock bursts, and slope events.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Slow slip events: parameters, conditions of occurrence, and future research prospects

Грантович¹,

Борисовна²,

Александрович³

et al. 2014

Geodyn. Tectonophys.

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“…Бачатский карьер в 2013 г. имел следующие размеры: длина -10 км, ширина -2.2 км, глубина -320 м [Emanov et al, 2014]. Оценка влияния подобной выемки на параметры поля напряжений в массиве будет выполнена ниже.…”

Section: оценка характерного размера задачиunclassified

“…Расположение очага Бачатского землетрясения и его афтершоков [Emanov et al, 2014[Emanov et al, , 2017 показывает, что они приурочены к зоне Кутоновского взбросо-надвига, разделяющего Беловский и Чертинский блоки. Сместитель этого крупноамплитудного разлома, расположенного в окрестности Бачатского угольного разреза, имеет запад-юго-западное падение и северо-запад-юго-восточное простирание.…”

Section: геолого-тектоническое строение районаunclassified

“…Интенсивность колебаний в эпицентральной зоне землетрясения составила I 0 =7 баллов. В 5-балльную зону попали города Кузбасса, землетрясение ощущалось и за пределами Кемеровской области [Emanov et al, 2014[Emanov et al, , 2017.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

“…С одной стороны, расположение гипоцентра и большинства афтершоков непосредственно под карьером наводит на мысль об индуцированной природе события. Ряд авторов считают несомненным, что землетрясение было инициировано техногенной деятельностью [Emanov et al, 2014[Emanov et al, , 2017Batugin, 2015;Adushkin, 2016;и др. ], приводя, впрочем, в качестве аргументов лишь общие соображения о влиянии разрушения, извлечения и перемещения значительных объемов горной породы, об изменении существующих в массиве естественных геодинамических и гидродинамических режимов под воздействием комплекса техногенных нагрузок [Adushkin, 2016] или о снижении нормального сжатия пологонаклонных сместителей взбросов [Batugin, 2015].…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

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On the genesis of the 2013 Bachat earthquake

Кочарян

Кишкина

Budkov

et al. 2019

Geodin. tektonofiz.

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The ML 6.1 earthquake that occurred on June 18, 2013 in Kuzbass is the strongest seismic event related to mining operations in this region. Opinions about its genesis differ. On the one hand, its hypocenter and most aftershocks occurred directly underneath the Bachat open-pit mine, which suggests that this seismic event was due to anthropogenic impacts. On the other hand, the earthquake focus was located at a depth of several kilometers, which, according to some authors, argues against the anthropogenic factor-the technogenic change in the parameters of the stress field was insignificant against the lithostatic pressure and, especially, the rock strength (e.g. [Lovchikov, 2016]). Our study aims to discover and assess an impact of the mining operations in the near-surface areas of the crust, investigate whether the Bachat earthquake was caused by the mining operations, and clarify which processes in particular were the most probable triggers of dynamic movement in the Bachat earthquake source. The probable geometrical parameters of the fault plane were estimated from the structural and tectonic conditions of the study area and the published locations of the aftershocks [Emanov et al., 2017]. It is established that seimic events of magnitudes similar to that of the Bachat earthquake cannot be caused by the overall anthropogenic load on the area, and it is unlikely that such a strong earthquake may occur due to the direct effects of seismic vibrations resulting from mass explosions during the mining operations. Our analytical models and numerical simulations, as well as the analysis of seismological observation data show that the most probable factor that initiated dynamic movements in the earthquake source was the extraction of the huge rock volume and its transportation from the Bachat open-pit mine. It should be noted that the size of the zone, wherein the geomechanical initiation criteria are met, is considerably larger than the critical size of a nucleation zone for a M 6 earthquake. However, open-pit mining operations can hardly affect the localization of strong earthquake sources. Mining operations can only trigger a seismic event that has been already prepared by the natural evolution of the crust.

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Dynamically triggered seismicity on a tectonic scale: A review

Qi,

Wang,

Kocharyan

et al. 2023

Deep Underground Science and Engineering

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Earthquakes triggered by dynamic disturbances have been confirmed by numerous observations and experiments. In the past several decades, earthquake triggering has attracted increasing attention of scholars in relation to exploring the mechanism of earthquake triggering, earthquake prediction, and the desire to use the mechanism of earthquake triggering to reduce, prevent, or trigger earthquakes. Natural earthquakes and large‐scale explosions are the most common sources of dynamic disturbances that trigger earthquakes. In the past several decades, some models have been developed, including static, dynamic, quasi‐static, and other models. Some reviews have been published, but explosion‐triggered seismicity was not included. In recent years, some new results on earthquake triggering have emerged. Therefore, this paper presents a new review to reflect the new results and include the content of explosion‐triggered earthquakes for the reference of scholars in this area. Instead of a complete review of the relevant literature, this paper primarily focuses on the main aspects of dynamic earthquake triggering on a tectonic scale and makes some suggestions on issues that need to be resolved in this area in the future.

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Mining-induced seismicity at open pit mines in Kuzbass (Bachatsky earthquake on June 18, 2013)

Cited by 36 publications

References 1 publication

Slow slip events: parameters, conditions of occurrence, and future research prospects

Slow slip events: parameters, conditions of occurrence, and future research prospects

On the genesis of the 2013 Bachat earthquake

Dynamically triggered seismicity on a tectonic scale: A review

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