“…There are several other ecological factors that, alone or in combination with climate change, influence species distribution patterns, for example, rapid population growth has resulted in excessive logging, conversion of forestlands to farmland, urban development programs, and over-exploitation [ 90 , 91 ]. Similar ecological disturbances have been documented in EA, where mining and agricultural products account for the majority of people's income [ 92 , 93 ]. These ecological factors, along with climate change, may be sufficient to explain the distribution pattern of the endemic Annonaceae species along the EA coastline.…”
“…There are several other ecological factors that, alone or in combination with climate change, influence species distribution patterns, for example, rapid population growth has resulted in excessive logging, conversion of forestlands to farmland, urban development programs, and over-exploitation [ 90 , 91 ]. Similar ecological disturbances have been documented in EA, where mining and agricultural products account for the majority of people's income [ 92 , 93 ]. These ecological factors, along with climate change, may be sufficient to explain the distribution pattern of the endemic Annonaceae species along the EA coastline.…”
“…From an environmental perspective, however, the positive association between TIR and the mineral depletion rate raises concerns about the potential environmental impacts of increased mining activities. Higher mining rates could strain natural ecosystems more, lead to habitat destruction, and exacerbate environmental degradation [ 79 ]. Therefore, it is essential to balance the benefits of improved technological infrastructure with the need for responsible and sustainable mining practices to mitigate the adverse environmental effects.…”
“…In context of globalization and rapid urbanization, there is an irreversible loss of traditional knowledge (Fischer et al, 2022;Takam et al, 2022), and young generations are the most at risk of losing this knowledge, especially those living in urban area and believe less in tradition (Brosi et al, 2007). Consequently, the practice of giving cows as dowries slowly disappears.…”
Proverbs are a collection of human and linguistic expressions that contain the traditional wisdom of a tribe. Fuliiru people in the Democratic Republic of Congo use proverbs to express their way of life. These proverbs refer to animals, plants, and other forms of creatures. This study aims to analyze the importance of animal biodiversity in Fuliiru paremiology. A descriptive qualitative method was carried out using data from the book "Recueil des proverbs Fuliiru". The animals were found and classified in class, order, and family. A total of 136 (11.8%) proverbs out of 1150 contained animal names. 36 animals belonging to 6 classes, 20 orders, and 24 families were found. The mammal class was the dominant class followed by the class of insect. Bovidae was the most represented family. The animals with the highest cited rank were dogs, chickens, and cows. This high animal diversity in the Fuliiru proverbs is evidence that animals play an important role in their life.
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