Minimum variance based fusion of fundamental and second harmonic ultrasound imaging: Simulation and experimental study

Pixel-based approach to delay multiply and sum beamforming in combination with Wiener filter for improving ultrasound image quality

“…The F-DMAS can be extended straightforwardly in the framework of unified PB beamforming by combining its time delay calculation with the data generation in Eq. (7). Specifically, the beamformed data is calculated by…”

“…The images generated by different beamformers are displayed in Figs. 7. All pixel-based images are generated with the data from 32 transmits.…”

“…However, the generated image still suffers artifacts due to nonadaptive weighting or apodization applied on reception channels. One widely used adaptive weighting method is the minimum variance (MV) beamformer, which preserves the echo signal reflected from the main point target while minimizing acquisition noise and interference from clutters [6,7]. Nevertheless, the MV beamformer demands a high computational burden for the inverse operation of the autocovariance matrix during optimization [8,9].…”