Private and public health insurance provision in the United States operates against a backdrop of 50 different regulatory environments in addition to federal rules. Through creative use of available data, a large body of research has contributed to our understanding of public policy in state health insurance markets. This research plays an important role as recent trends suggest states are taking the lead in health care reform. However, several important questions have not been answered due to lack of data. This paper identifies some of these areas, and discusses how the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality could push the research agenda in state health insurance policy further by augmenting the market-level data available to researchers. As states consider new forms of regulation and assistance for their insurance markets, there is increased need for better warehousing and maintenance of policy databases.Americans face a patchwork of different markets providing health insurance. These markets, be they private or public, are governed by several sets of regulations enacted at the state as well as federal level. The variation that exists in policies, particularly at the state level, has spawned a large literature assessing the policies' impacts on health insurance and related outcomes. Yet several new questions could be answered if additional market-level data were collected. The Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) has an opportunity to further the research by facilitating the creation of such resources. In this paper, I briefly review the available market-level data, 1 research questions that have been explored with these measures, and identify additional questions that could be answered with new data. This paper begins with a review of the different segments of markets for health insurance.
Regulating Private vs. Public Health InsuranceThe private insurance market consists of two separate domains-group and nongroup markets-which are further split in the manner shown in Figure 1. To convey a sense of the relative sizes of some of these components, in 2004 about 161.5 million individuals (or 63.3% of all nonelderly Americans) held employer health insurance, while 11.2% of the nonelderly held coverage through Medicaid/State Children's Health Insurance Program (SCHIP), 2.3% held Medicare/Tricare coverage, 5.4% had directly