“…An additional multiplication with a second carrier is introduced in the OQPSK modulator to realize the MSK. This second carrier has a frequency of 1=4T which produces the same effect as that seen in CPFSK, where T is once again the bit duration to generate the orthogonal modulation format (Simon 1976;Prabhu 1981;Ziemer and Ryan 1983;Svensson and Sundberg 1985;Sadr and Omura 1988;Klymyshyn et al 1999).…”