“…This problem reflects the integration of historical land management and long-term geomorphic processes, in particular estimating the spatio-temporal patterns of root strength, pore pressure, regolith depth and hydraulic properties across the landscape (e.g. Cislaghi et al, 2017;Schmaltz and Mergili, 2018;Hales, 2018;Giadrossich et al, 2020;Masi et al, 2021). These represent the key epistemic uncertainties driven by vegetation and require better understanding how much field data (and generating them) are needed to calibrate and validate existing and future models across a range of realistic management situations, and…”