“…This is somewhat surprising, since many variations on sparse geometric spanners have been studied, including spanners of low degree [6,19,36], spanners of low weight [14,24,26], spanners of low diameter [8,9], planar spanners [5,21,23,29], spanners of low chromatic number [13], fault-tolerant spanners [2,22,31,32], low-power spanners [4,34,37], kinetic spanners [1,3], angle-constrained spanners [20], and combinations of these [7,10,15,16,17,18]. The closest related work is that on fault-tolerant spanners [2,22,31,32], but r-fault-tolerance is analogous to the traditional definition of r-connectivity in graph theory and suffers the same shortcoming: every r-fault-tolerant spanner has Ω(rn) edges.…”