Minimum meal frequency practice and associated factors among children aged 6–23 months old in The Gambia: a multilevel mixed effect analysis

Terefe, Bewuketu; Jembere, Mahlet Moges; Abie Mekonnen, Birhanu

doi:10.1038/s41598-023-49748-0

Cited by 1 publication

(6 citation statements)

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“…This might be due to time difference among these studies, according to a study from Nepal IYCF practices are improving through time [ 54 ]. In addition, this difference might be resulted from heterogeneity across countries in cultural beliefs regarding child feeding practice, sociodemographic and economic dissimilarity of the study population, and nutritional intervention policies [ 16 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our study finding was consistent with a study from Gambia. Among Gambian children aged 6–23 months, 57.95% of them achieve MMF (42.05% were had inadequate meal frequency based on UNICEF’s minimum meal frequency criteria) [ 16 ]. The two studies were based on the national surveys conducted in 2019, which might result consistent findings on prevalence.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Community-level variables were categorized into low and high using median value based on their distribution (all aggregated values were skewed). Previous literatures were also use aggregated community variables from individual-level characteristics categorized using mean or median value [ 16 , 37 ]. Place of residence and region were originally recorded, so aggregation wasn’t done.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For optimal child growth and development solid, semi-solid, and soft foods should be introduced starting at six months of age [ 15 , 16 ]. The minimum number of daily meal frequency for infant and young children is a proxy indicator for meeting energy requirements that depends on their breastfeeding status and age.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on previous studies done in different settings, factors were identified to be significantly associated with minimum meal frequency and IYCF practices. These include: age of child [ 5 , 6 , 19 – 24 ], sex of the child [ 24 ], sex of household head [ 16 , 25 ], media exposure [ 6 , 26 ], maternal working status [ 16 ], maternal decision making power on household activities [ 6 ], timely initiation of breastfeeding [ 27 ], current breastfeeding status [ 27 ], parity [ 5 , 6 ], postnatal visit [ 6 , 20 , 23 , 24 ], household wealth index [ 20 , 22 , 23 , 28 ], maternal age [ 2 ], maternal education [ 2 , 19 , 21 , 29 ], place of delivery [ 30 ], number of antenatal care (ANC) visits [ 22 ], place of residence [ 19 , 23 ], and region [ 2 , 20 ] were found associated with minimum meal frequency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Spatial distribution of inadequate meal frequency and its associated factors among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia: Multilevel and spatial analysis

Tesfie,

Endalew,

Birhanu

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Introduction More than two-third of global child death is occurred due to inappropriate feeding practice that happened during early childhood period. Evidence on meal frequency status among infant and young children at national level can be used to design appropriate interventions to improve the recommended feeding frequency. Therefore, this study was aimed to explore the spatial distribution and identify associated factors of inadequate meal frequency among children aged 6–23 months in Ethiopia. Methods Secondary data analysis was conducted using the 2019 mini Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey data. A total weighted sample of 1,532 children aged 6–23 months were included. To identify significant factors associated with of inadequate meal frequency, multilevel binary logistic regression model was fitted. Variables with p-value < 0.25 from the bi-variable model were exported to multivariable analysis. In the multivariable model, variables with p-value < 0.05 were declared as significantly associated factors and adjusted odds ratio (AOR) with its 95% confidence interval were reported. Multilevel models were compared using deviance and log-likelihood. Spatial analysis tools were utilized to visualize the distribution of inadequate meal frequency. Bernoulli model was fitted using SaTScan V.9.6 to identify most likely clusters and ArcGIS V.10.8 was used to map the hotspot areas. Ordinary least square and geographic weighted regression models were used and compared using information criteria and adjusted-R2. Local coefficients of factors associated with hotspots of inadequate meal frequency were mapped. Results The prevalence of inadequate meal frequency was 47.03% (95% CI: 44.54%, 49.53%) in Ethiopia. Age of the child, sex of the household head, timely initiation of breastfeeding, current breastfeeding status, number of antenatal care visit, maternal education, and region were significantly associated with inadequate meal frequency. The spatial distribution of inadequate meal frequency was showed significant variation across Ethiopia (Global Moran’s I = 0.164, p-value <0.001). A total of 38 significant clusters were detected through SaTScan analysis, from these the 22 primary clusters were located in Somali and Harari. Conclusion and recommendation The prevalence of inadequate meal frequency was high in Ethiopia and had significant clustering patter. Significant hotspot clusters were located in Somali, northern Afar, Harari, Amhara, Gambela, and eastern South nation nationalities and peoples’ region. Therefore, public health interventions which enhance breastfeeding practice, optimal number of antenatal care visits, educational empowerments should target hotspot areas to decrease inadequate meal frequency practice.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%