Minimum Energy Requirements for Space Travels

Hybrid Algorithm for Multiple Gravity-Assist and Impulsive Delta-V Maneuvers

“…By the 1950s, initial work in advancing interplanetary trajectories was being performed by many notable orbital mechanics specialists such as Crocco [4], Ruppe [5], Battin [6], Lawden [7], Breakwell and Gillespie [8], and many others. By 1959, Battin [6] developed a method for computing round-trip free-return trajectories using solutions to Lambert's problem but had stopped short of calculating the trajectories because a mathematical method to represent the three-dimensional flyby trajectory had not yet been developed.…”