Minimum Cost Design of Cellular Networks in Rural Areas With UAVs, Optical Rings, Solar Panels, and Batteries

Chiaraviglio, Luca; Amorosi, Lavinia; Bléfari-Melazzi, Nicola; Dell'Olmo, Paolo; Mastro, Antonio Lo; Natalino, Carlos; Monti, Paolo

doi:10.1109/tgcn.2019.2936012

Cited by 25 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Another element considered in several works in the literature is the unreliable or nonexistent supply of electricity in rural areas. To address this issue, several studies consider the use of photovoltaic systems in rural areas [23]- [25]. In [23], the authors propose an architecture composed of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with base stations to provide service coverage through terrestrial sites.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…To address this issue, several studies consider the use of photovoltaic systems in rural areas [23]- [25]. In [23], the authors propose an architecture composed of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) equipped with base stations to provide service coverage through terrestrial sites. The architecture includes the use of photovoltaic panels and solar batteries to recharge UAVs and power these sites.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

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A Techno-Economic Framework for Installing Broadband Networks in Rural and Remote Areas

et al. 2021

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Expanding broadband services represents a significant challenge for broadband operators, especially in light of the requirements related to the total cost of ownership of these technologies. In the last few years, this expansion has advanced significantly, but it still represents a challenge that must be overcome since there is a need to provide low-cost services to rural communities in remote areas. Issues related to geographical location, the low income of residents, and the lack of public infrastructural facilities lead to a disadvantageous relationship between the potential revenue for operators and the high costs of deploying infrastructure. Although there are several research endeavors in the literature aimed at addressing how connectivity can be provided, they do not discuss systems that take account of the specific features of these regions or that have adapted services and network applications to meet the needs of these communities. Thus, using dimensioning systems for the total cost of network ownership and taking into account capital and network operating expenses, this study establishes a technical and economic framework for the deployment of broadband networks in rural and remote areas. It also applies economic feasibility analysis techniques designed to assist decision making by interpreting the effects of any financial investment made and estimating the expected profits of the broadband operators. We also recommend the use of socioeconomic indicators to predict the potential social impact of this framework on the development of these regions. We employ a case study to demonstrate the operational features of the planned framework. Based on real data obtained from a municipality located in the Brazilian Amazon region, we show that it is possible to reduce the cost of subscribing to broadband services for end-users by reducing deployment costs and thus ensure that access to digital services can be equitably obtained.INDEX TERMS Broadband services, rural and remote areas, total cost of ownership, feasibility analysis.

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Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Techno-Economic Framework for Installing Broadband Networks in Rural and Remote Areas

et al. 2021

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“…Optimal energy management of green next generation telecommunication networks is another aspect which was investigated in [2,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30]. The "energy consumption-based and user joint allocation" approach together with "the energy cost-based and user joint allocation" method were presented in [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The effects of quantization in the three parameters of the model including time slot in horizon of study, weather, and ES capacity in dimensioning of the power system of PV-powered off-grid base stations were examined in [23]. The target of [24] was to minimize the installation costs for an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based cellular network, considering the constraints of UAV's coverage, solar panel energy consumption, levels of the batteries, and the deployment of the optical ring for connecting the installed sites. In [25], in order to prepare a reliable emission-free and economic power supply, optimal sizing of a hybrid renewable energy system based on a discrete multi-objective grey wolf algorithm was applied in off-grid rural base stations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Sizing of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems for Powering Green Base Stations in Cellular Networks

et al. 2021

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Satisfying the mobile traffic demand in next generation cellular networks increases the cost of energy supply. Renewable energy sources are a promising solution to power base stations in a self-sufficient and cost-effective manner. This paper presents an optimal method for designing a photovoltaic (PV)-battery system to supply base stations in cellular networks. A systematic approach is proposed for determining the power rating of the photovoltaic generator and battery capacity from a technical and economical point of view in order to minimize investment cost as well as operational expenditure, while the power autonomy of the PV-battery system is maximized in a multi-objective optimization framework. The proposed method is applied to optimally size a photovoltaic-battery system for three cases with different availability of solar power to investigate the effect of environmental conditions. Problem-solving using the proposed approach leads to a set of solutions at different costs versus different levels of power autonomy. According to the importance of each criterion and the preference of decision-makers, one of the achieved solutions can be selected for the implementation of the photovoltaic-battery system to supply base stations in cellular networks.

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“…Even though wireless connectivity is rapidly spreading all around the world, the number of uncovered users living in rural and low income areas is still large because telecommunication operators are not motivated to invest in low return on investment (ROI) rate zones [1]. Therefore, appropriate countermeasures are needed in order to even the connectivity opportunities of all users, no matter the type of area they live in.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coverage Analysis for UAV-Assisted Cellular Networks in Rural Areas

Matracia

Kishk

Alouini

2021

IEEE Open J. Veh. Technol.

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Despite coverage enhancement in rural areas is one of the main requirements in next generations of wireless networks (i.e., 5G and 6G), the low expected profit prevents telecommunication providers from investing in such sparsely populated areas. Hence, it is required to design and deploy cost efficient alternatives for extending the cellular infrastructure to these regions. A concrete mathematical model that characterizes and clearly captures the aforementioned problem might be a key-enabler for studying the efficiency of any potential solution. Unfortunately, the commonly used mathematical tools that model large scale wireless networks are not designed to capture the unfairness, in terms of cellular coverage, suffered by exurban and rural areas. In big cities, in fact, cellular deployment is essentially capacity driven and thus cellular base station densities are maximum in the town centers and decline when getting far from them. In this paper, a new stochastic geometry-based model is implemented in order to show the coverage spatial variation among urban, suburban, and exurban settlements. Indeed, by implementing inhomogeneous Poisson point processes (PPPs) it is possible to study the performance metrics in a realistic scenario where terrestrial base stations (TBSs) are clustered around the urban center while outer aerial base stations (ABSs) are uniformly distributed outside an urban exclusion zone. Based on this, our simulation results can quantify the improvement, in terms of coverage probability, that even a surprisingly low density of ABSs can bring to peripheral regions depending on the extension of the exclusion zone, enabling us to draw insightful considerations.

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Minimum Cost Design of Cellular Networks in Rural Areas With UAVs, Optical Rings, Solar Panels, and Batteries

Cited by 25 publications

References 34 publications

A Techno-Economic Framework for Installing Broadband Networks in Rural and Remote Areas

A Techno-Economic Framework for Installing Broadband Networks in Rural and Remote Areas

Optimum Sizing of Photovoltaic and Energy Storage Systems for Powering Green Base Stations in Cellular Networks

Coverage Analysis for UAV-Assisted Cellular Networks in Rural Areas

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