Minimum 2‐year follow up of sex reassignment surgery in Brazilian male‐to‐female transsexuals

Abstract

and quetiapine was stopped completely. Sleepiness and general fatigue were resolved after a switch to blonanserin. Hypoglycemia was not detected on Day 167 following a 75-g OGTT. Her auditory hallucinations and persecutory delusions were improved (BPRS score: 21), therefore she was discharged on Day 180.Because complaints of hypoglycemia are similar to the sedative effect of SGA, clinicians may overlook hypoglycemia in patients with schizophrenia. We previously reported another case of hypoglycemia induced by quetiapine.1 In that case, replacement of quetiapine with perospirone improved the symptoms of hypoglycemia but asymptomatic hypoglycemia was still present upon repeat OGTT. In the current case, a switch to blonanserin improved not only the symptoms of hypoglycemia but also hypoglycemia itself upon repeat OGTT. Because blonanserin is a new antipsychotic, its effect on glucose metabolism has not been established. However, this report suggests that a switch to blonanserin may be useful when hypoglycemia induced by SGA occurs. I N JAPAN, THERE were fewer than 25 000 suicides in 1996 and 1997 but more than 30 000 in 1998, a rising trend that has continued. There is evidence that the rapid increase of suicides in recent years in Japan is strongly influenced by economic factors, and that suicide and unemployment are related.1 We previously reported a correlation between the increase of suicides and the change in the ratio of job offers. In another report, we showed that stock prices may be associated with suicide among men.3 It is important to clarify the specific economic factors relevant to suicide if we are to lower suicide rates. Therefore, in this study we examined annual suicide rates 4 by vital statistics and annual growth rates of total amount in cash salary 5 from 1995 to 2009 in Japan, and we assessed the correlation between these factors during that period using single regression analysis in an EXCEL (Microsoft, Japanese, made in Singapore) spreadsheet.During the study period, the annual suicide rates (/100 000 population) ranged from 17.2 to 25.5 overall, from 23.4 to 38.0 among men, and from 11.3 to 14.7 among women. The growth rates of total amount in cash salary during this time ranged from -4.8 to 2.0 (%). The correlation coefficient between suicide rates and the growth rates of total amount in cash salary was r = -0.624 overall, r = -0.627 among men, and r = -0.531 among women. The growth rate of total amount in cash salary was clearly related to the overall suicide rate (R 2 = 0.3897, F = 8.300, P = 0.013, and y = -0.9302x + 22.631) and among both men (R 2 = 0.3933, F = 8.427, P = 0.012, and y = -1.6267x + 32.811) and women (R 2 = 0.2825, F = 5.118, P = 0.041, and y = -0.2663x + 12.909). Given these results, we feel it is helpful to grasp the trends of the growth rate of total amount in cash salaries when attempting to institute suicide-prevention measures, and these trends may be related to the changes in suicide rates among both men and women. A study also reported that socioeconomic variable...

Serum concentrations of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in patients with gender identity disorder

“…It is a highly disabling disorder, characterized by intense psychological suffering (Lobato et al, 2006). The recommended treatment may be provided by a multidisciplinary team with physical and psychological assistance, hormone therapy and sex reassignment surgery (Lobato et al, 2006;Salvador et al, 2012). GID is a rare condition, with an estimated worldwide lifetime prevalence ranging 0.001e0.002% (Hoshiai et al, 2010).…”

Trans employees, transitioning, and job satisfaction

“…Based on Morton (2008), following sex reassignment surgery, trans employees can bring so much more to their workplace than they did before. As we have stated, gender transition might free employees from the worries and confines of being unhappy with their own self-perceptions and their self-worth (Salvador et al, 2012;Dhejne et al, 2011;Parola et al, 2010;Johansson et al, 2010). Happier employees tend to be successful and accomplished across multiple life domains, including their job (Drydakis, 2016;Avey et al, 2011;Luthans & Avolio, 2009).…”

“…In addition, based on Morton's (2008) study, workplace colleagues find that after transition, employees are more helpful, productive, more approachable and gregarious. As we have examined, a sex reassignment surgery might have a positive effect on social relations due to the social adaptations that take place (Salvador et al, 2012;Parola et al, 2010). Considering these patterns from a labor economics, human resources and psychology point of view, we could suggest that after transition, these increased core productivity characteristics may enhance A C C E P T E D M A N U S C R I P T…”

“…Life satisfaction reflects individuals' quality of life, including well-being, self-esteem, family and social-relations, and personal achievements (Johansson & Bernspang, 2003). Studies suggest that sex reassignment surgery has a positive effect on family, social, romantic, and sexual relations, all of which are attributed to social, physical and health adaptation of transitioning individuals (Brewster et al, 2014;Brewster et al, 2012;Salvador et al, 2012;Parola et al, 2010;Udeze et al, 2008;Lobato et al, 2006;De Cuypere et al, 2006;Smith et al, 2005). In the international literature, these factors are constantly found to positively affect life satisfaction (Cheng & Smyth, 2015;Helliwell, 2003).…”

Long-term cross-sex hormone treatment is safe in transsexual subjects

“…Of extreme interest is the evaluation of the role of sex reassignment surgery and whether it has a real 'therapeutic' effect on the relief of dysphoria. 18,19 Scientific literature is not univocal on this point: psychological evaluation reports agree that reassignment surgery improves quality of life, but apparently it does not cure all aspects of gender dysphoria. In some transsexual groups, the suicide rate appears to be higher in subjects who did not undergo surgery, but other studies do not confirm these findings.…”