Minimizing the Consumption of Stretch Film for Wrapping Cylindrical Baled Silage Using the IntelliWrap Method

Stankiewicz, Anna

doi:10.13031/trans.13923

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 15 publications

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“…The authors show how the film behaves when applied in a certain way and what effect this may have on the cargo, whereas [ 43 ] considers the possibility of maintaining cargo stability parameters while minimizing the amount of stretch film used. Similar studies were conducted by Pavlovic A., Kostic S.C., and other authors [ 44 , 45 , 46 , 47 ]. Stretch film, when applied, causes pressure on the cargo, which may, in adverse cases, lead to damage to packaging or materials.…”

Section: Literature Analysis Of the Cargo Safety And Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 83%

Study of the Stability of Palletized Cargo by Dynamic Test Method Performed on Laboratory Test Bench

Tkaczyk

Drozd²,

Kędzierski³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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The paper presents a method and results of experimental testing of the stability of palletized cargo wrapped in stretch film in laboratory conditions and methods and parameterization of its application for proper cargo securing. Reduction of stretch film consumption is also significant for sustainable transport. It will contribute to the minimization of costs on a micro-scale (manufacturers and shippers) and a macro scale—a significant reduction in pollution of the environment and gas emissions by reducing stretch film production. The experiments have been performed following the requirements of EUMOS 40509 and 40511 standards. The proposed method of testing the stability of palletized cargo is based on tests performed on a laboratory test bench using FEF-200 sensors. The results of conducted experiments demonstrated that the selection of a proper stretch film and a cargo wrapping model could significantly reduce the risk of cargo damage through increasing cargo stabilizing forces and, at the same time, reducing stretch film consumption. The developed method can significantly reduce the cost of securing and concurrently assure required cargo security. This directly impacts the safety of all participants in the transport process in supply chains.

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Section: Literature Analysis Of the Cargo Safety And Stabilitysupporting

confidence: 83%

Study of the Stability of Palletized Cargo by Dynamic Test Method Performed on Laboratory Test Bench

Tkaczyk

Drozd²,

Kędzierski³

et al. 2021

Sensors

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Optimization and Analysis of Plastic Film Consumption for Wrapping Round Baled Silage Using Combined 3D Method Considering Effects of Bale Dimensions

Stankiewicz¹

2021

Transactions of the ASABE

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HighlightsSolved the problem of optimal design, in the sense of minimal film usage, of round bale diameter and height.Necessary and sufficient optimality conditions derived in the form of easy-to-solve cubic equations.Bales of a maximum volume achievable with an actual wrapper and of optimal dimensions ensure minimal film usage.Up to 10% savings in film usage if bale dimensions are optimally designed and wrapping parameters properly selected.Abstract. The combined 3D method is used for wrapping cylindrical bales of agricultural materials based on biaxial rotation of the film applicators. The demand for minimization of plastic film consumption keeps increasing, with the goal to save the environment, reduce plastic costs, and minimize wrapping time. Consequently, methods have been reported to solve the problem of optimal wrapping parameters for the conventional wrapping method. In this article, a model-based problem of such a design based on round bale dimensions (diameter and height) that minimizes film consumption for the combined 3D method is mathematically formulated and analyzed. The film consumption per unit of bale volume is used as a measure of film usage. Generally, it is difficult to find the optimal bale dimensions that minimize the original film usage index, due to the discontinuity of the index. Thus, near-optimal parameters, being as important as optimal parameters for engineering applications, are looked for. The problem of selecting near-optimal bale dimensions was constructed by minimizing the continuous lower bound of the original film usage index. The necessary and sufficient optimality conditions for near-optimal bale dimensions were established in the form of standard cubic equations, which can easily be solved using both analytical and numerical methods. Based on the optimality conditions, analytical and numerical analyses were performed of the influence of film width, pre-assumed bale volume, and numbers of bottom and upper film layers on the near-optimal bale dimensions and film usage. The results indicated that the near-optimal bale diameter and height, hereinafter called optimal, monotonically increase, while the optimal film consumption monotonically decreases, with increasing pre-assumed bale volume. Therefore, it is recommended to use bales of a maximum volume achievable with an actual wrapper and of optimal dimensions, i.e., diameter and height. The film width also influences the optimal bale dimensions and film usage: the wider the film, the smaller the minimal film usage. To confirm the effect of near-optimal bale design on film usage, the errors of the near-optimality were examined for four to sixteen film layers. The results of the numerical experiments demonstrated that for four to sixteen layers of film, there are compositions of the bottom and upper film layers for which the relative near-optimality errors do not exceed 0.01% whenever the optimal bale dimensions are used. Simultaneously, inappropriate selection of wrapping parameters may result in increased film usage, measured by mean relative errors of 1% to 9.5%, which means up to 10% film cost savings when the bale dimensions are optimally designed according to the proposed approach, and the wrapping parameters are appropriately selected. Keywords: 3D bale wrapping, Mathematical model, Minimal film consumption, Round bales, Stretch film usage.

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Optimal Versus Equal Dimensions of Round Bales of Agricultural Materials Wrapped with Plastic Film—Conflict or Compliance?

Stankiewicz¹

2021

Applied Sciences

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For the assumed bale volume, its dimensions (diameter, height), minimizing the consumption of the plastic film used for bale wrapping with the combined 3D method, depend on film and wrapping parameters. Incorrect selection of these parameters may result in an optimal bale diameter, which differs significantly from its height, while in agricultural practice bales with diameters equal or almost equal to the height dominate. The aim of the study is to formulate and solve the problem of selecting such dimensions of the bale with a given volume that the film consumption is minimal and, simultaneously, the bale diameter is equal or almost equal to its height. Necessary and sufficient conditions for such equilibria of the optimal bale dimensions are derived in the form of algebraic equations and inequalities. Four problems of the optimal bale dimension design guaranteeing assumed equilibrium of diameter and height are formulated and solved; both free and fixed bale volume are considered. Solutions of these problems are reduced to solving the sets of simple algebraic equations and inequalities with respect to two variables: integer number of film layers and continuous overlap ratio in bottom layers. Algorithms were formulated and examples regarding large bales demonstrate that they can handle the optimal dimensions’ equilibria problems.

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Minimizing the Consumption of Stretch Film for Wrapping Cylindrical Baled Silage Using the IntelliWrap Method

Cited by 3 publications

References 15 publications

Study of the Stability of Palletized Cargo by Dynamic Test Method Performed on Laboratory Test Bench

Study of the Stability of Palletized Cargo by Dynamic Test Method Performed on Laboratory Test Bench

Optimization and Analysis of Plastic Film Consumption for Wrapping Round Baled Silage Using Combined 3D Method Considering Effects of Bale Dimensions

Optimal Versus Equal Dimensions of Round Bales of Agricultural Materials Wrapped with Plastic Film—Conflict or Compliance?

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