Minimizing nitrogen losses from a corn–soybean–winter wheat rotation with best management practices

Jayasundara, Susantha; Wagner-Riddle, Claudia; Parkin, Gary; Bertoldi, P. von; Warland, J.; Kay, B. D.; Voroney, Paul

doi:10.1007/s10705-007-9103-9

Cited by 84 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…In autumn, 37.1-45.4% of the annual amount of nitrogen is leached, so the rainier is the autumn the higher nitrogen content is leached from the upper soil layer. The established pattern confirms scientists' recommendations to reduce the infiltration from agricultural soils through autumn period by cultivating cover crops (Vos, van der Putten, 2004;Köhler et al, 2006;Jayasundara et al, 2007).…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

The effect of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen leaching

Tripolskaja

Verbylienė

2014

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of different forms (granular or liquid) of nitrogen fertilizers on nitrate concentration and nitrogen leaching from a sandy loam Haplic Luvisol (LVh), to identify precipitation infiltration differences in fertilized and unfertilized soils. It was revealed that fertilization with nitrogen (on average 120 kg ha -1 N), compared to the unfertilized soil, increased the average annual nitrate concentration in leachate by 37.5-54.3% (P < 0.05). Slightly higher nitrate concentration was revealed after application of liquid fertilizer UAN 32. Compared to unfertilized soil, the impact of fertilizers on the increase of nitrate concentration in leachate was significant during summer (by 6.2-40.4 mg L -1 NO 3 ; P < 0.05) and autumn (by 32.2-52.3 mg L -1 NO 3 , or 49.8-80.8%; P < 0.05). Nitrogen leaching from nitrogen-fertilized soil increased by on average 6.3-9.5 kg ha -1 N per year, as compared with the unfertilized soil. Compared with ammonium nitrate and liquid complex fertilizer Lyderis 9-9-9, significantly more nitrogen (by 2.7-3.2 kg ha -1 N; P < 0.05) was leached from the soil applied with liquid fertilizer UAN 32. An average of 6.0-8.9% of applied nitrogen fertilizer content was leached per year. Thicker and more vigorous crops formed in fertilized soil, this reduced the average rainfall infiltration by 13.7-16.2% per year and by 31.6-38.8% during summer period, compared with unfertilized soil. This reduced the overall nitrogen leaching losses resulting from application of fertilizers.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 76%

The effect of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen leaching

Tripolskaja

Verbylienė

2014

Zemdirbyste-Agriculture

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“…Averaged over all five soils, about 54% of applied N was recovered from the top 60 cm of the soil profile by freeze-up, 15% by spring thaw, and 1% by crop harvest (Table 2); or alternatively, 46% of applied N disappeared from the top 60 cm between fall application (October 2007) and freeze-up (December 2007), an additional 39% disappeared by end of spring thaw (March 2008), and a further 14% disappeared by crop harvest (OctoberNovember 2008). Hence, the vast majority of N loss (85%) from these cool, humid soils occurred during fallwinter-early spring before crop uptake was possible, which is in good agreement with the findings of Drury et al (1996), Gupta et al (2004), Jayasundara et al (2007), and De Jong et al (2007).…”

Section: Corn Grain Nitrogen Uptakesupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Soil texture and the HSG (especially the K sat component) have been found to have dramatic effects on N loss via surface runoff and leaching (e.g., Bosch et al 1999;Gehl et al 2006;Panagopoulos et al 2007). In addition, Drury et al (2009) found that~50% of N loss in tile drainage from a Brookston clay loam soil occurred during the nongrowing season, whereas Jayasundara et al (2007) found up to 80% N loss during the nongrowing season for a loam soil. In a farm scale study, Fenton et al (2009) emphasized the impact of soil type and hydraulic properties on NO 3 − -N losses, and found that K sat in the crop root zone was strongly correlated with NO 3 − -N concentration in the underlying ground water.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solute dynamics and the Ontario nitrogen index: II. Nitrate leaching

et al. 2016

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Nitrogen (N) leaching from soil into surface and ground waters is a concern in humid areas of Canada. As a result, N management protocols, including the Ontario N Index, are widely used to identify N leaching risk, although field assessment remains limited. Nitrogen fertilizer and chloride (Cl) tracer were fall-applied to five agricultural soils in Ontario with different textures and hydrologic soil groups (HSG) to assess the Ontario N Index and characterize inorganic N movement over 1 yr. The treatments included three N rates (0, 100, and 200 kg N ha −1 ) plus Cl tracer and 200 kg N ha −1 rate without Cl. After spring thaw, N loss from the crop root zone (top 60 cm) ranged from 68% for Brookston clay loam to 99% for Harrow sandy loam. A strong linear relationship between apparent N recovery and apparent Cl recovery indicated that N loss from the root zone occurred primarily by downward leaching. Leaching was controlled by the minimum measured saturated hydraulic conductivity (K sat ), and good estimates of N leaching were obtained using a quasi-theoretical relationship between N loss and K sat . We concluded that Ontario N Index estimates of N leaching risk might be improved by including site-specific measurements of K sat .

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“…Jayasundara et al, 2007), and for organic farming to continue to differentiate from that of conventional, organic farming needs to develop too to ensure high quality products and sustainable cropping systems. In addition the productivity needs to increase in order to be commercially viable and to meet the increasing global demands for food production.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crop yield, root growth, and nutrient dynamics in a conventional and three organic cropping systems with different levels of external inputs and N re-cycling through fertility building crops

Thorup‐Kristensen

Dresbøll

Kristensen

2012

European Journal of Agronomy

136

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This article appeared in a journal published by Elsevier. The attached copy is furnished to the author for internal non-commercial research and education use, including for instruction at the authors institution and sharing with colleagues.Other uses, including reproduction and distribution, or selling or licensing copies, or posting to personal, institutional or third party websites are prohibited. b s t r a c tOne of the core ideas behind organic production is that cropping systems should be less dependent on import of resources, and minimize negative effects on the surrounding environment compared to conventional production. However, even when clearly complying with regulations for organic production, it is not always obvious that these goals are reached. As an example, strong dependence on import of manure is often seen in current organic production, especially in systems producing high value crops such as vegetable crops.The aim of the present study was to test novel approaches to organic rotations, designed to reduce the reliance on import of external resources significantly. We compared a conventional system (C) and an organic system relying on manure import for soil fertility (O1) to two novel systems (O2 and O3) all based on the same crop rotation. The O2 and O3 systems represented new versions of the organic rotation, both relying on green manures and catch crops grown during the autumn after the main crop as their main source of soil fertility, and the O3 system further leaving rows of the green manures to grow as intercrops between vegetable rows to improve the conditions for biodiversity and natural pest regulation in the crops. Reliance on resource import to the systems differed, with average annual import of nitrogen fertilizers of 149, 85, 25 and 25 kg N ha −1 in the C, O1, O2 and O3 systems, respectively. As expected, the crop yields were lower in the organic system. It differed strongly among crop species, but on average the organic crops yielded c. 82% of conventional yields in all three organic systems, when calculated based on the area actually grown with the main crops. In the O3 system some of the area of the vegetable fields was allocated to intercrops, so vegetable yields calculated based on total land area was only 63% of conventional yields.Differences in quality parameters of the harvested crops, i.e. nutrient content, dry matter content or damages by pests or diseases were few and not systematic, whereas clear effects on nutrient balances and nitrogen leaching indicators were found. Root growth of all crops was studied in the C and O2 system, but only few effects of cropping system on root growth was observed. However, the addition of green manures to the systems almost doubled the average soil exploration by active root systems during the rotation from only 21% in C to 38% in O2 when measured to 2.4 m depth. This relates well to the observed differences in subsoil inorganic N content (N inorg , 1-2 m depth) across the whole rotation (74 and 61 kg N ha −1 in C and O1 vs. only 22 and...

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Minimizing nitrogen losses from a corn–soybean–winter wheat rotation with best management practices

Cited by 84 publications

References 41 publications

The effect of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen leaching

The effect of different forms of nitrogen fertilizers on nitrogen leaching

Solute dynamics and the Ontario nitrogen index: II. Nitrate leaching

Crop yield, root growth, and nutrient dynamics in a conventional and three organic cropping systems with different levels of external inputs and N re-cycling through fertility building crops

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