Electrospun nanocomposite
polymer blend poly(vinylidene difluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene)
(PVDF-HFP)/poly(methyl methacrylate)
(PMMA) membranes with a novel dispersion of x wt
% of one-dimensional (1D) TiO2 nanofiber fillers (x = 0.0–0.8 in steps of 0.2) were developed using
the electrospinning technique. The developed nanocomposite polymer
membranes were activated using various redox agents such as LiI, NaI,
KI, and tetrabutyl ammonium iodide (TBAI). Introduction of the 1D
TiO2 nanofiber fillers improves the amorphous nature of
the blended polymer membrane, as confirmed through X-ray diffraction
(XRD) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), and yielded an electrolyte
uptake of over 480% for a 6 wt % TiO2 nanofiber filler-dispersed
sample. PVDF-HFP/PMMA–1D 6 wt % TiO2 nanofiber fillers
with the LiI-based redox electrolyte provided a high conductivity
of 2.80 × 10–2 S cm–1 and
a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.08% to their fabricated dye-sensitized
solar cells (DSSCs). The observed better ionic conductivity and efficiency
of the fabricated DSSCs could be due to the faster movement of the
smaller-ionic-radius (Li) ions entrapped inside the amorphous polymer.
This enhanced mobility of ions in the quasi-solid electrolyte leads
to faster regeneration of the depleting electrons in the photoanode,
resulting in improved efficiency. Further, the achieved high conductivity
was analyzed in terms of the dynamics and relaxation mechanisms involved
by the ionic charge carriers with complex impedance spectroscopy using
a random barrier model and Havriliak–Negami formulation. It
was observed that the high-conducting PVDF-HFP/PMMA–1D 6 wt
% TiO2 nanofiber fillers with LiI-based redox electrolyte
show better ac conductivity parameters such as a σ of 5.82 ×
10–2 S cm–1, ωe (12685 rad s–1), τe (0.909 ×
10–4 s), and n (0.578). Also, dielectric
studies revealed that the high-conducting sample has a higher dielectric
constant and subsequently high loss. The J–V characteristics were studied using the equivalent circuit
of a single-diode model, and the parameters influencing the photovoltaic
performance were determined by Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algorithm.
The results suggest that the high-efficient sample possesses a minimum
series resistance of 1.33 Ω and a maximum shunt resistance of
997 Ω. Hence, the highest-conducting electrospun-blended polymeric
nanocomposite (PVDF-HFP–PMMA–6 wt % TiO2 nanofiber
fillers) with LiI-based redox agent and tert-butyl
pyridine (TBP) additive as the polymer quasi-solid electrolyte nanofibrous
membrane can be a better electrolyte for high-performance dye-sensitized
solar cell applications.