2016
DOI: 10.15676/ijeei.2016.8.1.3
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Minimizing Energy of P oint Charges on a Sphere using Symbiotic Organisms Search Algorithm

Abstract: Determination of the optimal configurations of identical point charges on a unit sphere, known as Thomson's problem, is a well-known energy optimization problem in physics. In this paper we have determined the minimum energy for various values of using Symbiotic Organisms Search (SOS) algorithm, up to = 200. The energy values considered in the study are found to be in good agreement with the existing values. Results are presented for various values of ranging from 3 to 200 along with the convergence graph. We … Show more

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Cited by 13 publications
(6 citation statements)
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“…Simultaneous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement of the fabricated DSSCs is time consuming, and maintaining a steady state of the DSSCs during the experiment is difficult. The temperature of the DSSCs varies due to incident radiation for a longer period . Furthermore, the analysis of EIS data requires a complex process of fitting to a suitable equivalent circuit of the impedance model and interpreting the parameters.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Simultaneous electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurement of the fabricated DSSCs is time consuming, and maintaining a steady state of the DSSCs during the experiment is difficult. The temperature of the DSSCs varies due to incident radiation for a longer period . Furthermore, the analysis of EIS data requires a complex process of fitting to a suitable equivalent circuit of the impedance model and interpreting the parameters.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…It is well known that this configuration is characterized by a uniform spatial distribution of electrons, for which all electrons occupy about the same surface area of the sphere and exhibit similar distances to their first neighbours. Although formulated back in 1904, the Thomson problem remains open, and several methods have been proposed to solve it, such as gradient-descent optimization (Erber & Hockney, 1991), global optimization (Altschuler et al, 1994), simulated annealing algorithms (Xiang et al, 1997), Monte Carlo algorithms (Wales et al, 2009;Bondarenko et al, 2015) and genetic algorithms (Morris et al, 1996;Kanimozhi et al, 2016). A major difficulty is that the number of local minima grows exponentially with the number of electrons (Stillinger & Weber, 1984;Erber & Hockney, 1991).…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Another difficulty is that the problem becomes computationally intensive for large numbers of electrons (say, more than 10 000), as all electrons interact with each other. This is not dealt with in most studies (such as Erber & Hockney, 1991;Altschuler et al, 1994;Xiang et al, 1997;Wales et al, 2009;Bondarenko et al, 2015;Morris et al, 1996;Kanimozhi et al, 2016), which rather focus on finding, and analysing, nearly optimal configurations for relatively small numbers of electrons (less than 1000), and it will therefore need a specific treatment.…”
Section: Methodsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The relationships among the flowers and bees are examples of mutualism relations. Bee's moves amongst the flower and collects nectar and it became honey [20][21][22][23]. These activities profit the flower as it assists them in the pollination procedure as follows:…”
Section: Parameter Tuning Using the Sos Modelmentioning
confidence: 99%