Minimizing Diesel Particulate Filter Incombustibles by Using Ultra Low Ash - Zero Phosphorus Oil

McGeehan, J. A.; Dam, W. van; Nelson, Ken; Boffa, Alex; Carabell, Kevin; Walker, Andrew P.; Caserta, Jon; Conway, Raymond

doi:10.4271/2014-01-2798

Cited by 10 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 12 publications

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“…Residue from Soot A and B had fairly similar chemical composition, whereas Soot C had certain compounds such as CaZn 2 (PO 4 ) 2 , Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and CaCO 3 which were not seen in the other samples. All four diesel soot samples had diffraction peaks originating from CaSO 4 , Zn 3 (PO 4 ) 2 , and ZnO that are a part of calcium sulfonate based detergents and ZDDP (zinc dialkyl dithiophosphate) based antiwear additives used in engine oil formulations. − Carbonates of group 2 metals (such as CaCO 3 ) are generally used for increasing basicity of engine oil formulations so as to neutralize acidic byproducts originating from combustion gases during vehicle operation. Compounds such as CaZn 2 (PO 4 ) 2 and Ca 3 (PO 4 ) 2 could be produced by cross-interaction among decomposition products in the engine oil during operation or abrasion of calcium phosphate based tribofilms during rubbing that would have been bound to the soot particles and detected upon their oxidation in the experiments.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Diesel Soot Composition and Accumulated Vehicle Mileage on Soot Oxidation Characteristics

et al. 2016

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Effects of diesel soot composition and accumulated vehicle mileage on soot oxidation characteristics were examined. Four soot samples were extracted from the crankcase oils of diesel engines that had accumulated different mileages. Carbon black was used as a comparative example. Soot structure was studied in situ using X-ray diffraction as it was oxidized to temperatures as high as 700 °C. The soot from older engines exhibited a higher increase in lattice spacing (d 002) with an increase in temperature that resulted in soot samples being at lower temperatures, thereby reducing the oxidation resistance. Composition of the residues after oxidation was studied using X-ray diffraction, energy-dispersive spectroscopy, and X-ray absorption near-edge structure. Oxidation residue of the soot samples is made up of decomposed lubricant additives compounds and debris from wear and tribofilms. XRD phase analysis showed that crystalline compounds in soot are CaSO4, CaZn2(PO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2, Zn3(PO4)2, and ZnO. The turbostratic structure of all the soots irrespective of engine age is similar prior to oxidation; however, the embedded crystalline and amorphous species in the soot change with accumulated mileage. Surface area of the soot measured using BET was found to be inversely proportional to the weight of residue.

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