Minimizing biosignal recording sites for hybrid noninvasive brain/neural robot control

Abstract

Noninvasive brain/neural controlled robots are promising tools to improve autonomy and quality of life in severe paralysis, but require biosignal recordings, such as electroencephalography (EEG) and electrooculography (EOG), from various sites distributed over the user's head. This limits the applicability and practicality of noninvasive brain/neural robot control on an everyday basis. It would thus be very desirable to minimize the number of necessary recording sites paving the way for miniaturized, headset-like EEG/EOG systems that users with hemiplegia can mount by themselves. Here, we introduce a novel EEG/EOG brain/neural robot control strategy using only scalp electrodes placed near cortical sensorimotor areas. The strategy was tested across 16 healthy volunteers engaging in an EEG/EOG brain/neural control task. Classification accuracies were compared using scalp electrodes only vs. the conventional electrode placements across the scalp and face. To evaluate whether cranial muscle artifacts impede classification accuracy, participants were asked to chew during the task. We found that brain/neural classification accuracy was comparable and that chewing did not impact classification accuracies when using scalp electrodes only. Our results suggest that the proposed new strategy allows for reliable EEG/EOG-based brain/neural robot control, a critical prerequisite to broaden the use of noninvasive brain/neural assistive and rehabilitative technologies.