Minimizing artifacts and biases in chamber-based measurements of soil respiration

Davidson, Eric A.; Savage, K. E.; Verchot, Louis; Navarro, Rosa

doi:10.1016/s0168-1923(02)00100-4

Cited by 651 publications

(529 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…To quantify the carbon dioxide flux, we used the static chamber method, which is based on the variation of the gas concentration inside it, disposed over the ground surface over time, from the adaptation of the method of Davidson et al (2002). The chamber comprises a movable PVC frame, cylindrical shaped, with 22 cm high and 25 cm diameter, which allows the temporary installation of the chamber surrounding the plants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 emission from soil after reforestation and application of sewage sludge

et al. 2014

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This study aimed to quantify the carbon dioxide emissions from an Oxisol under degraded pasture located in Sorocaba, São Paulo State, Brazil. The treatments were: sewage sludge (LE), sewage sludge compost (CLE), mineral fertilizer (AM) and no fertilization (T0). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized block design with analysis of the effect of the four treatments (CLE, LE, and AM T0) with four replications. The application of sewage sludge, sewage sludge compost, mineral fertilizer and no fertilizer was statistically significant for the variables of height increase and stem height of Guanandi seedlings (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambessèdes -Calophyllaceae). Treatments showed significant differences in terms of CO 2 emissions from soil. The CLE exhibited the highest CO 2 fluxes, reaching a peak of 9.33±0.96 g C m -2 day -1 (p<0.0001), as well as the LE with a maximum CO 2 flux of 6.35±1.17 C m ). CO 2 fluxes were correlated with soil temperature in all treatments. However, considering the period of 172 days of evaluation, the total loss of C as CO 2 was 2.7% for sewage sludge and 0.7% for the sewage sludge compost of the total C added with the application on soil.Key words: GHG, organic waste, carbon.Emissão de CO 2 do solo após reflorestamento e aplicação de lodo de esgoto ResumoO presente estudo teve como objetivo quantificar as emissões de gás carbônico a partir de um Latossolo Vermelho eutroférrico sob pastagem degradada localizada na região de Sorocaba. Os tratamentos avaliados foram: lodo de esgoto (LE), composto de lodo de esgoto (CLE), adubo mineral (AM) e ausência de adubação (T0). O experimento foi conduzido em blocos inteiramente casualizados, sendo analisado o efeito dos quatro tratamentos (CLE, LE, AM e T0) com quatro repetições. A aplicação de lodo de esgoto, composto de lodo de esgoto, fertilizante mineral e ausência de adubação apresentaram efeito estatístico quanto às variáveis de incremento em altura e a altura do coleto das mudas de Guanandi (Calophyllum brasiliense Cambessèdes -Calophyllaceae). Os tratamentos apresentaram diferença significativa quanto às emissões de CO 2 do solo. O CLE foi o tratamento de apresentou os maiores fluxos de CO 2 , atingindo um pico de 9,33±0,96 g C m -2 dia -1 (p<0,0001), assim como o LE, com um fluxo máximo de CO 2 de 6,35±1,17 C m ). Os fluxos de CO 2 apresentaram correlação com a temperatura do solo em todos os tratamentos estudados. No entanto, considerando o período de 172 dias de avaliação do experimento, a perda total de C na forma de CO 2 foi de 2,7% do total de C adicionado com a aplicação dos resíduos no solo para o lodo de esgoto e de 0,7% do total de C adicionado com a aplicação dos resíduos no solo para o composto de lodo de esgoto.Palavras-chave: gases do efeito estufa, resíduos orgânicos, carbono.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

CO2 emission from soil after reforestation and application of sewage sludge

et al. 2014

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“…Chamber measurements overestimated CO 2 fluxes relative to NEE in the summer (26 % bias) and underestimated them in the winter (−50 % bias) ( Table 2). The summer bias estimate does not include respiration from canopy elements (woody tissue and foliage), which can contribute up to 50 % of the total ecosystem respiration, but usually less than 20 % Lavigne et al, 1997;Davidson et al, 2002). Therefore, summertime chamber plus canopy respiration was likely at least 46 % higher than the NEE estimates in the median.…”

Section: Comparing Eddy Covariance and Chamber Co 2 Flux Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Chamber measurements are labor intensive and typically yield infrequent and discontinuous data that are difficult to scale up to the landscape scale, especially in ecosystems with high spatial heterogeneity . Although chambers are subject to artifacts if not implemented carefully (Davidson et al, 2002;Bain et al, 2005), they are well suited for process-level studies. Boundary layer methods have been used to calculate H 2 soil uptake rates from H 2 mole fraction measurements and assumptions about atmospheric winds and mixing, boundary layer height, and/or the uptake rates of other trace gases (Simmonds et al, 2000;Steinbacher et al, 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecosystem fluxes of hydrogen: a comparison of flux-gradient methods

et al. 2014

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Abstract. Our understanding of biosphere-atmosphere exchange has been considerably enhanced by eddy covariance measurements. However, there remain many trace gases, such as molecular hydrogen (H 2 ), that lack suitable analytical methods to measure their fluxes by eddy covariance. In such cases, flux-gradient methods can be used to calculate ecosystem-scale fluxes from vertical concentration gradients. The budget of atmospheric H 2 is poorly constrained by the limited available observations, and thus the ability to quantify and characterize the sources and sinks of H 2 by fluxgradient methods in various ecosystems is important. We developed an approach to make nonintrusive, automated measurements of ecosystem-scale H 2 fluxes both above and below the forest canopy at the Harvard Forest in Petersham, Massachusetts, for over a year. We used three flux-gradient methods to calculate the fluxes: two similarity methods that do not rely on a micrometeorological determination of the eddy diffusivity, K, based on (1) trace gases or (2) sensible heat, and one flux-gradient method that (3) parameterizes K. We quantitatively assessed the flux-gradient methods using CO 2 and H 2 O by comparison to their simultaneous independent flux measurements via eddy covariance and soil chambers. All three flux-gradient methods performed well in certain locations, seasons, and times of day, and the best methods were trace gas similarity for above the canopy and K parameterization below it. Sensible heat similarity required several independent measurements, and the results were more variable, in part because those data were only available in the winter, when heat fluxes and temperature gradients were small and difficult to measure. Biases were often observed between flux-gradient methods and the independent flux measurements, and there was at least a 26 % difference in nocturnal eddy-derived net ecosystem exchange (NEE) and chamber measurements. H 2 fluxes calculated in a summer period agreed within their uncertainty and pointed to soil uptake as the main driver of H 2 exchange at Harvard Forest, with H 2 deposition velocities ranging from 0.04 to 0.10 cm s −1 .

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“…This approach gave values of dark respiration between -0.4 and -0.7 µmol m -2 s -1 , and no differences were observed between soils collected from the control and the litter treatment. The reasons for the contrasting results obtained by the two methods are unclear, but may reflect artifacts caused by soil disturbances (Davidson et al, 2002). Given the uncertainties in estimating soil microbial respiration and the difficulties in completely separating B. argenteum and D. muscorum from the soil beneath, the measurements of net photosynthesis and dark respiration NOTICE: this is the author's version of a work that was accepted for publication in Soil Biology and Biochemistry.…”

Section: Co 2 Gas Exchange Measurementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bromus tectorum litter alters photosynthetic characteristics of biological soil crusts from a semiarid shrubland

Serpe

Roberts

Eldridge

et al. 2013

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

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Invasion by the exotic annual grass Bromus tectorum has increased the cover and connectivity of fine litter in the sagebrush steppes of western North America. This litter tends to cover biological soil crusts, which could affect their metabolism and growth. To investigate this possible phenomenon, biological soil crusts dominated by either the moss Bryum argenteum or the lichen Diploschistes muscorum were covered with B. tectorum litter (litter treatment) or left uncovered (control treatment) and exposed to natural field conditions. After periods of five and ten months, we removed the litter and compared the photosynthetic performance of biological soil crusts from the two treatments. Litter induced photosynthetic changes in our samples. In both B. argenteum and D. muscorum, biological soil crusts that had been covered with litter for ten months had lower rates of gross photosynthesis and lower chlorophyll content than control samples. Similarly in both biological soil crust types, litter reduced the rate of dark respiration. For D. muscorum, the reduction in dark respiration fully compensated for the decrease in gross photosynthesis, resulting in similar values of net photosynthesis in the two treatments. In contrast, for B. argenteum, net photosynthesis was four-times greater in the control than the litter treatment. Also under litter cover, D. muscorum showed three common adaptations to shade conditions: a decrease in the light compensation point, in the light intensity needed to achieve 95% of maximal net photosynthesis, and in the chlorophyll a/b ratio. None of these changes was apparent in B. argenteum. Overall, our results indicate that photosynthetic responses to the presence of litter varied among species of the crust biota and that the litter can reduce the photosynthetic capacity of biological soil crusts. These results help to explain field observations of decreases in biological soil crust cover and changes in biological soil crust composition with increases in litter cover, and suggest that the landscape-wide invasion by B. tectorum may have substantial effects on biological soil crust performance and therefore their capacity to function in semiarid shrublands.Keywords: Biological soil crusts, Bromus tectorum, Bryum argenteum, Diploschistes muscorum, lichens, litter, mosses, photosynthesis, semiarid environments, sagebrush steppe Abbreviations: Biological soil crusts (biocrusts), ΔF/F m ', photosystem II operating efficiency, F v /F m , maximum quantum efficiency of photosystem II photochemistry; LCP, light compensation point, NPQ, non-photochemical quenching; PPFR 95% , light intensity necessary to achieve 95% of maximal net photosynthesis 2

show abstract

Minimizing artifacts and biases in chamber-based measurements of soil respiration

Cited by 651 publications

References 41 publications

CO2 emission from soil after reforestation and application of sewage sludge

CO2 emission from soil after reforestation and application of sewage sludge

Ecosystem fluxes of hydrogen: a comparison of flux-gradient methods

Bromus tectorum litter alters photosynthetic characteristics of biological soil crusts from a semiarid shrubland

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