Minimization of label usage in (G)MPLS networks

Differential delay constrained multipath routing for SDN and optical networks

“…However, following [8], the loop avoidance constraint of 3D*-LF (1f) is exchanged by inequalities (2a)-(2b) and equalities (2c) in order to allow in-path loops but avoid isolated cycles. Artificial flow z avk is initiated at each node v ∈ V \ {S, T } if x ak = 1 and a ∈ δ + (v).…”