Minimization of Atmosphere Pollution by Utilizing Cellulose Waste

Abstract

The greenhouse effect is our planets ability to pass the Suns incoming radiation and to reflect the re-radiated long wavelengths from the Earths surface, so increasing our planets surface and atmosphere lower-layer temperature. As a result, the melting of glaciers and snow cover intensifies, and the water level of seas and oceans increases, flooding islands and coast lines. Increase in temperature intensifies water evaporation, increases the possibility of downpour and cyclone formation in seaside regions, while on continents droughts, heat-waves and forest fires. So lowering of the greenhouse effect is one of the main global problems today. The main greenhouse effect agents are carbon dioxide CO 2 (53 %), freon, ozone, methane CH 4 and other substances. CO 2 is formed during breathing of live organisms, activity of microbes in the soil, also during the combustion of various organic substances. CH 4 and CO 2 are formed when cellulosic matter wood, peat moss, agricultural production waste, vegetation decay at treatment places, by tillage also in landfills processes take place. From all the mentioned processes mankind controls only the cellulose mater combustion and decay processes which it should decrease as much as possible to weaken the green-house effect. However, at present it is unrealistic to lower the amount of CO 2 formed by burning fossil fuel in industrial enterprises and heating systems. Cellulose-containing waste can be reprocessed without emitting CO 2 or CH 4 by manufacturing building materials, thermal as well as acoustic insulating composites. Wooden waste has been used for these purposes for a long time. At present it is recommended to use other cellulose raw materials straw, reeds, boon, peat moss and other materials. The utilization of straws given composites, containing straws, Portland cement (in some cases construction gypsum and sand and polymeric additives vinyl acetate (e g polyvinyl acetate PVA) or cellulosic materials (e g carboxymethylcellulose CMC) dispersions. The utilization of reeds gives composites containing reeds, Portland cement and PVA or CMC. The utilization of boon or chaff gives composites containing boons or chaffs, anhydrite or aliuminate cements and PVA or CMC. Optimal composition composites distinguish themselves by good physico-mechanical as well as thermal and acoustic properties and can find applications as building materials as well as thermal and acoustic insulating materials.Keywords: greenhouse effect, thermal and acoustic insulating materials, lowering of CO 2 emissions into the atmosphere.

Effect of Rice Straw Ash on the Behaviour of High Performance Concrete Mixes

“…The relation between rice straw ash percentage and the ratio between flexural to compressive strength (Fb/Fc) for the studied mixes shown in figures (5) and (6). The results show that the relation between compressive and flexural strength for HPC, in case of 0% , 5% , 10% ,and 15% rice straw ash as different ratios of cement content by weight as additives and replacement.…”

“…The results show that the relation between compressive and flexural strength for HPC, in case of 0% , 5% , 10% ,and 15% rice straw ash as different ratios of cement content by weight as additives and replacement. Figures (5) and (6) show the relation between compressive and flexural strength for mixes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively. (1, 2, 3, 4).…”

“…When rice-husk is burnt rice-husk ash (RHA) is generated. On burning, cellu lose and lignin are removed leaving behind silica ash [5]. The controlled temperature and environ ment of burning yields better quality of rice husk ash, as its particle size and specific surface area are dependent on the burning conditions.…”

“…For every 1000 kg of milled paddy, about 200 kg (20%) of husk is produced, and when this husk is burnt ____________________________________________ in the boilers, about 50 kg (5%) of RHA is generated. Co mpletely burnt rice-husk is grey to white in colour, while partially burnt rice-husk ash is blackish [5]. In fact, some previous researchers investigated the effect of adding rice husk ash to the concrete.…”

Processed Straw as Effective Thermal Insulation for Building Envelope Constructions

“…For manufacturing block chafl', sawdust, chopped wood and chopped straw are used. In such blocks as matrix lime, cement, gypsum, clay and the mixtures of these substances are used (Kazragis 2005;Kazragis, Gailius 2006).…”