Minimising drag coefficient of a hatchback car utilising fractional factorial design algorithm

Vahdati, Mehrdad; Beigmoradi, Sajjad; Batooei, Alireza

doi:10.1080/17797179.2018.1550962

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…There are different desirability functions according to the maximizing, minimizing, or assigning a target for an object. To minimize an object, drag or lift coefficient desirability function can be defined as [25]: (15) C L = −0.16990 − (0.008535 × ) − (0.004046 × ) In relation (16), U i and T i are upper and target values, correspondingly. For the desirability function with a minimum object, T i has a small enough value [25].…”

Section: Multi-objective Optimization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optimal configuration of a hatchback rear end considering drag and stability objectives

Beigmoradi

Vahdati

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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Aerodynamic load is recognized as one of the most important factors, which has significant effect on fuel consumption, vehicle performance, and stability. Designing external car body to meet aerodynamic drag and stability requirements is one of the most challenging works in vehicle development process. In this paper, optimum design of rear-end parameters for a hatchback car is studied considering both drag and lift goals. Five geometrical parameters of rear end are chosen as design variables at two levels. Interaction of these factors on drag and lift coefficients is investigated using design of experiments, and optimum level for each parameter is achieved. To reduce the number of case studies, fractional factorial design algorithm is nominated. Then, drag and lift regression equations based on important terms are derived and the relationship of these parameters with objectives are discussed. Finally, aerodynamic performance around the optimal model is reported.

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Section: Multi-objective Optimization Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They have concluded that using vortex generators in real and simplified model increases aerodynamic drag. Vahdati et al [15] have evaluated rear end of a realistic hatchback car in the aspect of aerodynamic drag. They have used fraction factorial method to find out optimum configuration of the rear end to reduce drag forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal configuration of a hatchback rear end considering drag and stability objectives

Beigmoradi

Vahdati

2019

J Braz. Soc. Mech. Sci. Eng.

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“…Furthermore, the researchers asserted that for a model with a shallower slant angle, the installation of the deflector at the leading edge proved to be more effective in drag reduction. Vahdati et al (2018) assessed the rear end of a realistic hatchback car in terms of aerodynamic drag. They employed a fraction factorial technique to determine the optimal structure of the rear end to minimize drag forces.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Harmonizing Aerodynamic Efficiency, Stability, and Acoustic Excellence: Multi-Objective Optimization for Electric Vehicle Rear-End Design

Beigmoradi

2024

Preprint

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In recent years, the automotive field has exposed a significant surge in electrification, presenting a pivotal solution to environmental concerns. However, addressing the challenge of driving mileage remains a critical aspect in the realm of electric vehicles (EVs). Among the various factors influencing battery energy consumption during operation, aerodynamic force emerges as a primary contributor. Mitigating this force holds the key to substantial improvements in driving mileage, making it a focal point of exploration in this research. The impact of aerodynamic force extends beyond mere energy consumption; it intricately influences battery size, vehicle mileage, performance, stability, and passenger comfort. Navigating this multifaceted terrain poses a formidable challenge for automotive engineers engaged in the development of electric vehicles. This study undertakes the optimization of rear-end design factors for a hatchback electric vehicle, specifically addressing drag, lift, and aerodynamic noise objectives. Five critical geometric factors of the rear end – Rear Spoiler Length, Rear Spoiler Angle, Rear Diffuser Angle, Boat Tail Angle, and 5th Door Height – are identified as key design parameters. The interplay of these factors and their impact on objectives is systematically investigated through a Design of Experiment (DoE) approach. To enhance the efficiency of the investigation, a fractional factorial design method is utilized, effectively reducing the number of individual case studies. The formulation of regression equations, capturing the essence of significant terms for each objective, lays the groundwork for a subsequent multi-objective optimization process. This optimization, driven by the maximization of a composite desirability function, identifies optimal levels for each design factor. The research culminates in the selection of a model with optimum rear-end factors based on a comprehensive evaluation of drag, lift, and aerodynamic noise objectives. The aerodynamic performance surrounding this optimal model is intricately described, offering valuable insights into the holistic impact of the chosen design parameters on the electric vehicle's aerodynamics.

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“…One of the main problems with the aerodynamics of today's vehicles is airflow, as the impact of air on moving vehicles causes high resistance to movement. One solution to optimize vehicle efficiency and reduce energy consumption is to reduce aerodynamic drag, which has been studied from the point of view of numerical optimization [7], technical design [8], the development of specific algorithms [9], and which has a quadratic relationship with the driving speed [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…view of numerical optimization [7], technical design [8], the development of specific algorithms [9], and which has a quadratic relationship with the driving speed [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Original Aerodynamic Ducting System to Improve Energy Efficiency in the Automotive Industry

et al. 2023

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In the automotive industry, the flow of air generates high resistance in the advance of vehicles. In light of this situation, the objective of the present invention is to take advantage of the force of the air itself to help propel vehicles and thus reduce fuel consumption. A channeling system has been designed based on a deflector that collects the air that impacts against the vehicle at the front, transferring it to the rear where it is expelled, allowing the vacuum zone to be filled so that the high pressures of the channeled air are repositioned in the depression zone, significantly increasing the values of the pressures, including those that were previously negative. The deflector has been built and incorporated into a model car so that comparative experimental wind tunnel tests could be carried out to verify that the vacuum in the rear area is eliminated, and positive pressure is obtained.

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Minimising drag coefficient of a hatchback car utilising fractional factorial design algorithm

Cited by 7 publications

References 21 publications

Optimal configuration of a hatchback rear end considering drag and stability objectives

Optimal configuration of a hatchback rear end considering drag and stability objectives

Harmonizing Aerodynamic Efficiency, Stability, and Acoustic Excellence: Multi-Objective Optimization for Electric Vehicle Rear-End Design

An Original Aerodynamic Ducting System to Improve Energy Efficiency in the Automotive Industry

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