Minimisation of process time in ultrafiltration and continuous diafiltration: the effect of incomplete macrosolute rejection

Process Duration and Water Consumption in a Variable Volume Diafiltration for Partial Demineralization and Concentration of Acid Whey

“…However, in the case of the VVD-0.75 process, further improvements of the retentate purity require higher quantities of fresh water. Apart from the experimentally determined water amounts, the dialyzation water quantity was estimated using the equation (15). The estimates, presented in Fig.…”

“…Several authors have investigated possible applications of the VVD process. Various aspects were considered; an estimation of process duration was reported (15)(16)(17) and a possibility of decreasing water consumption was considered (16)(17)(18)(19). Also, experimental investigation of a semi-batch mode of operation was performed (20).…”

Time-optimal operation of multi-component batch diafiltration

“…In Wang et al (2014) relations between processing time, micro-solute yield and macro-solute concentration for diafiltration process were discussed. An approach for optimization of switching times between predefined operation modes was presented in Foley (1999). A more general approach was discussed in Takači et al (2009) where the authors used various types of numerical approximations of the optimal operation.…”

Economically optimal batch diafiltration via analytical multi-objective optimal control

“…Up to now, many attempts appeared in the literature to treat the problem of enhancement of economic optimality of DF processes. Developed approaches either optimize switching times between arbitrarily predefined operational modes [23,24,17] or they find approximations to optimal control numerically [25,26]. The present study builds upon our previous work [27] where optimal control was derived for minimum time and minimum diluant operations analytically using Pontryagin's minimum principle (PMP) approach.…”