Background: Abdominal paracentesis is an essential competence for physicians. Simulation-based mastery learning (SBML) programs lead to developing these skills for medical students. Most programs are structured as short boot-camps, without assessing skills' retention mid and long-term or learning curves.Aim: To assess the learning curve of paracentesis through an SBML program for medical students and compare this learning curve-based program with the boot-camp method.Methods: A prospective quasi-experimental study was conducted. A cohort of medical students participated in an SBML program with successive sessions until proficiency criteria were met while their learning curve was assessed (LC group). A control group received an SBML boot-camp intervention (BC group). As a proficient group, gastroenterology fellows (GF group) performed a paracentesis on the simulated model. The skills of the three groups were compared using technical/proficiency scores. Learning curves and cost analysis were performed.Results: 100% of the LC group achieved proficiency in the fourth session, with a flattening learning curve between third-fourth sessions. Comparing the initial and final sessions of LC group showed a significant improvement in their scores. When comparing the three groups, statistical differences were found in the skill scores, with the BC group having the lowest. The overall cost per participant was highest for the LC group.Conclusion: This study identifies a learning curve for paracentesis with an SBML program. The LC group significantly improved their skills, comparable with the GF group’s performance. SBML focused on a learning curve ensured better skills acquisition than the “boot-camp method.”