“…Anterior temporal lobectomy is a well-established treatment for patients with drug-resistant MTLE [24,25,26,27] and results in 60-80% seizure freedom in selected patients [5,28,29], but is associated with adverse effects, such as cognitive impairments and focal neurological deficits [30,31,32,33,34,35,36]. Therefore, the balance of effectiveness and possible complications of open resection needs to be taken into account for patients with MTLE.…”