Minimally Invasive Mid-Substance Achilles Tendon Repair Using the Percutaneous Achilles Repair System (PARS)

Abstract

Background:Achilles tendon ruptures commonly occur in physically active individuals and drastically alter the ability to perform recreational activities1,2. Many patients want to continue participating in recreational activities, which can be facilitated by operatively treating the injury in a timely fashion, maximizing their functional recovery. The Percutaneous Achilles Repair System (PARS) Jig (Arthrex) can be utilized in patients with acute mid-substance Achilles tendon ruptures3,4.Description:Begin by positioning the patient prone with a thigh tourniquet on the operative side. Mark a 3-cm transverse incision 1 cm distal to the proximal Achilles stump and make the incision, taking care to protect the sural nerve laterally. Next, create a transverse paratenon incision and bluntly dissect it from the Achilles circumferentially. After gaining access to the proximal Achilles stump, clamp it with an Allis clamp and insert the PARS Jig between the Achilles tendon and paratenon, sliding it proximally to the myotendinous junction. To secure the jig to the proximal Achilles tendon, insert a guide pin into the jig position-1 hole. To pass sutures through the Achilles tendon, insert pins with their respective sutures into positions 2 through 5 and insert the FiberTape suture (Arthrex) in position 1. Remove the jig from the transverse incision, pulling the suture ends out of the incision. Once they are out, reorient the sutures on the medial and lateral sides to match their positions when initially placed. On both sides, wrap the blue suture around the 2 striped green-and-white sutures twice, and pull the blue suture through the looped green-and-white suture on the ipsilateral side. After doing that, fold the blue suture on itself to create a shuttling suture with the green-and-white suture. Next, pull on the medial non-looped green-and-white suture until it has been pulled out medially, and repeat that with the lateral non-looped green-and-white suture until it has been pulled out laterally, to create a locking stitch. Group the medial sutures together and the lateral sutures together, and utilize a free needle to further incorporate both bundles of sutures into the Achilles tendon. Next, create bilateral mini-incisions 1.5 cm proximal to the calcaneal tuberosity. Insert a rigid cannulated suture-passing device into each mini-incision, pass it through the distal Achilles tendon, load the ipsilateral suture bundle into the Nitinol wire, and pull the suture-passing device out the distal mini-incision to approximate the Achilles. To prepare the calcaneus, drill calcaneal tunnels toward the midline bilaterally, taking care to avoid convergence of the tunnels. Place a suture-passing needle in the tunnels to assist with placing the anchors. Next, tension the sutures, cycling them 5 to 10 times to remove any slack in the system. With the ankle in 15° of plantar flexion, anchor the sutures with cortical bioabsorbable interference screws, following the angle that the suture-passing needles are in. After confirming function of the...

Efficacy of Surgical Management versus Conservative Management to Decrease the Incidence of Re-Rupture in Adult Patients with Achilles Tendon Rupture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

“…In terms of incidence, they have become more common as the frequency of acute Achilles tendon injuries has increased, and they are associated with considerable functional morbidity. Compared with acute injuries, re-ruptures are associated with a higher rate of postoperative infection and longer recovery, which will result in impaired Achilles tendon function and a marked degree of disability (11,14,15). When a patient has a re-rupture, the pain and swelling have often subsided, and active, albeit weak, plantarflexion may be possible by action of the tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, and flexor hallucis longus muscles.…”

Surgical management of chronic Achilles tendon rupture: evidence-based guidelines

“…This approach showed good clinical and functional outcomes, but it often required a relatively large incision, and resulted in increased scar tissue formation [24,25]. Minimally invasive [26][27][28] and percutaneous techniques have emerged as an alternative to open repair [29][30][31][32][33]. These techniques reduce surgical trauma, minimize scarring, and allow faster recovery.…”