Minimal selective concentrations of tetracycline in complex aquatic bacterial biofilms

Lundström, Sara V.; Östman, Marcus; Bengtsson‐Palme, Johan; Rutgersson, Carolin; Thoudal, Malin; Sircar, Triranta; Blanck, Hans; Eriksson, K. Martin; Tysklind, Mats; Flach, Carl-Fredrik; Larsson, D. G. Joakim

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.02.103

Cited by 177 publications

(116 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…The concentration at which a resistance genes offers a selective advantage to its ‘host,’ will be below the MIC, otherwise the microorganism would not survive. The MSC is a useful term that refers to the minimal concentration of chemical required to provide a selective advantage to a microorganisms carrying the resistance gene relative to the same bacterium that is sensitive to the chemical, i.e., not containing the resistance gene (Gullberg et al, 2011; Hughes and Andersson, 2012; Lundström et al, 2016). The MSC is a theoretical threshold that can be carefully determined in the laboratory for any microorganism and chemical pair (Liu et al, 2011), but takes on a different meaning when applied to more realistic scenarios of multiple species and multiple chemicals.…”

Section: Ecological Relevance Of Antibiotic Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Its Relevance to Environmental Regulators

et al. 2016

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The environment is increasingly being recognized for the role it might play in the global spread of clinically relevant antibiotic resistance. Environmental regulators monitor and control many of the pathways responsible for the release of resistance-driving chemicals into the environment (e.g., antimicrobials, metals, and biocides). Hence, environmental regulators should be contributing significantly to the development of global and national antimicrobial resistance (AMR) action plans. It is argued that the lack of environment-facing mitigation actions included in existing AMR action plans is likely a function of our poor fundamental understanding of many of the key issues. Here, we aim to present the problem with AMR in the environment through the lens of an environmental regulator, using the Environment Agency (England’s regulator) as an example from which parallels can be drawn globally. The issues that are pertinent to environmental regulators are drawn out to answer: What are the drivers and pathways of AMR? How do these relate to the normal work, powers and duties of environmental regulators? What are the knowledge gaps that hinder the delivery of environmental protection from AMR? We offer several thought experiments for how different mitigation strategies might proceed. We conclude that: (1) AMR Action Plans do not tackle all the potentially relevant pathways and drivers of AMR in the environment; and (2) AMR Action Plans are deficient partly because the science to inform policy is lacking and this needs to be addressed.

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Section: Ecological Relevance Of Antibiotic Concentrationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Its Relevance to Environmental Regulators

et al. 2016

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“…Even the subinhibitory concentrations of selective agents found in sewage treatment can enhance biofilm formation and LGT . Selection for antibiotic resistance can occur at concentrations below the therapeutic dose and well within the range of concentrations found in treatment plants . These subinhibitory concentrations are also known to promote conjugation, although the relative contributions of the conjugation process and subsequent selection need to be teased apart …”

Section: Transfer From Host To Recipientmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lateral gene transfer, bacterial genome evolution, and the Anthropocene

Gillings

2016

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

115

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Lateral gene transfer (LGT) has significantly influenced bacterial evolution since the origins of life. It helped bacteria generate flexible, mosaic genomes and enables individual cells to rapidly acquire adaptive phenotypes. In turn, this allowed bacteria to mount strong defenses against human attempts to control their growth. The widespread dissemination of genes conferring resistance to antimicrobial agents has precipitated a crisis for modern medicine. Our actions can promote increased rates of LGT and also provide selective forces to fix such events in bacterial populations. For instance, the use of selective agents induces the bacterial SOS response, which stimulates LGT. We create hotspots for lateral transfer, such as wastewater systems, hospitals, and animal production facilities. Conduits of gene transfer between humans and animals ensure rapid dissemination of recent transfer events, as does modern transport and globalization. As resistance to antibacterial compounds becomes universal, there is likely to be increasing selection pressure for phenotypes with adverse consequences for human welfare, such as enhanced virulence, pathogenicity, and transmission. Improved understanding of the ecology of LGT could help us devise strategies to control this fundamental evolutionary process.

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“…We extracted the mutational information related to tetracycline from the CARD "snps.txt" 123 file and then built the database using the following command: "mumame_build -i card-124 data/nucleotide_fasta_rRNA_gene_variant_model.fasta -m Tet_snps.txt -o Tet -n". We then 125 mapped all reads from the Lundström et al (2016) data to the Mumame database using the 126 options "-d Tet -c 0.95 -n". Reads were quality filtered and statistical differences were assessed as 127 above.…”

Section: Quantification Of Mutations In Metagenomes 102mentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying point-mutations in shotgun metagenomic data

Magesh

Jonsson

Bengtsson‐Palme

2018

Preprint

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20Metagenomics has emerged as a central technique for studying the structure and function of 21 microbial communities. Often the functional analysis is restricted to classification into broad 22 functional categories. However, important phenotypic differences, such as resistance to 23 antibiotics, are often the result of just one or a few point mutations in otherwise identical 24 sequences. Bioinformatic methods for metagenomic analysis have generally been poor at 25 accounting for this fact, resulting in a somewhat limited picture of important aspects of microbial 26 communities. Here, we address this problem by providing a software tool called Mumame, which 27 can distinguish between wildtype and mutated sequences in shotgun metagenomic data and 28 quantify their relative abundances. We demonstrate the utility of the tool by quantifying antibiotic 29 resistance mutations in several publicly available metagenomic data sets. We also identified that 30 sequencing depth is a key factor to detect rare mutations. Therefore, much larger numbers of 31 sequences may be required for reliable detection of mutations than for most other applications of 32 shotgun metagenomics. Mumame is freely available from 33

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Minimal selective concentrations of tetracycline in complex aquatic bacterial biofilms

Cited by 177 publications

References 45 publications

Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Its Relevance to Environmental Regulators

Review of Antimicrobial Resistance in the Environment and Its Relevance to Environmental Regulators

Lateral gene transfer, bacterial genome evolution, and the Anthropocene

Quantifying point-mutations in shotgun metagenomic data

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