Minimal Liquid Discharge (MLD) and Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) strategies for wastewater management and resource recovery – Analysis, challenges and prospects

Panagopoulos, Argyris; Haralambous, K.J.

doi:10.1016/j.jece.2020.104418

Cited by 181 publications

(56 citation statements)

References 75 publications

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“…At the same time, the concept of zero liquid discharge becomes an increasingly acute issue. This is dictated not only by environmental requirements—the problem of extracting valuable components from wastewater and processed products has attracted much attention [ 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 ]. In this case, the issue of separation of mono- and divalent ions is becoming more and more important [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 , 41 , 42 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Стенина

Yaroslavtsev

2021

Membranes

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Membrane technologies are widely demanded in a number of modern industries. Ion-exchange membranes are one of the most widespread and demanded types of membranes. Their main task is the selective transfer of certain ions and prevention of transfer of other ions or molecules, and the most important characteristics are ionic conductivity and selectivity of transfer processes. Both parameters are determined by ionic and molecular mobility in membranes. To study this mobility, the main techniques used are nuclear magnetic resonance and impedance spectroscopy. In this comprehensive review, mechanisms of transfer processes in various ion-exchange membranes, including homogeneous, heterogeneous, and hybrid ones, are discussed. Correlations of structures of ion-exchange membranes and their hydration with ion transport mechanisms are also reviewed. The features of proton transfer, which plays a decisive role in the membrane used in fuel cells and electrolyzers, are highlighted. These devices largely determine development of hydrogen energy in the modern world. The features of ion transfer in heterogeneous and hybrid membranes with inorganic nanoparticles are also discussed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Стенина

Yaroslavtsev

2021

Membranes

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“…The initial concentration of the feed aqueous solution was 65 g L −1 while the permeate was distilled water. This initial NaCl feed concentration was selected as it is an average concentration of RO brines of seawater desalination plants (50–82 g L −1 [ 5 ]). The membrane with an effective area of 1.26 × 10 −3 m 2 was placed between the double wall jacketed feed and permeate chambers.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This problem has been already studied [ 3 ] and different strategies have been adopted to reduce this energy consumption [ 4 ]. Another intrinsic problem of this technology that needs a prompt resolution is the discharge of brines (i.e., aqueous saline solutions with an overall concentration in the range 50–82 g L −1 ) [ 5 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrospun Nanostructured Membrane Engineering Using Reverse Osmosis Recycled Modules: Membrane Distillation Application

2021

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As a consequence of the increase in reverse osmosis (RO) desalination plants, the number of discarded RO modules for 2020 was estimated to be 14.8 million annually. Currently, these discarded modules are disposed of in nearby landfills generating high volumes of waste. In order to extend their useful life, in this research study, we propose recycling and reusing the internal components of the discarded RO modules, membranes and spacers, in membrane engineering for membrane distillation (MD) technology. After passive cleaning with a sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution, these recycled components were reused as support for polyvinylidene fluoride nanofibrous membranes prepared by electrospinning technique. The prepared membranes were characterized by different techniques and, finally, tested in desalination of high saline solutions (brines) by direct contact membrane distillation (DCMD). The effect of the electrospinning time, which is the same as the thickness of the nanofibrous layer, was studied in order to optimize the permeate flux together with the salt rejection factor and to obtain robust membranes with stable DCMD desalination performance. When the recycled RO membrane or the permeate spacer were used as supports with 60 min electrospinning time, good permeate fluxes were achieved, 43.2 and 18.1 kg m−2 h−1, respectively; with very high salt rejection factors, greater than 99.99%. These results are reasonably competitive compared to other supported and unsupported MD nanofibrous membranes. In contrast, when using the feed spacer as support, inhomogeneous structures were observed on the electrospun nanofibrous layer due to the special characteristics of this spacer resulting in low salt rejection factors and mechanical properties of the electrospun nanofibrous membrane.

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“…As a consequence, to sustain development within a circular economy, more clean water has to be tapped from the existing freshwater reserves to meet growing water demands. Circular economy is a resource recovery strategy which has been recently used in brine (saline wastewater) treatment as well (Panagopoulos and Haralambous 2020a , b ). There is hence an absolute need to capture untreated wastewaters as much as possible to then treat them using the best-in-class treatment systems for eventually meeting all sanitary norms, effluent discharge standards and regulations.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Magnetic nanoadsorbents for micropollutant removal in real water treatment: a review

Mudhoo

Sillanpää

2021

Environ Chem Lett

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Pure water will become a golden resource in the context of the rising pollution, climate change and the recycling economy, calling for advanced purification methods such as the use of nanostructured adsorbents. However, coming up with an ideal nanoadsorbent for micropollutant removal is a real challenge because nanoadsorbents, which demonstrate very good performances at laboratory scale, do not necessarily have suitable properties in in full-scale water purification and wastewater treatment systems. Here, magnetic nanoadsorbents appear promising because they can be easily separated from the slurry phase into a denser sludge phase by applying a magnetic field. Yet, there are only few examples of large-scale use of magnetic adsorbents for water purification and wastewater treatment. Here, we review magnetic nanoadsorbents for the removal of micropollutants, and we explain the integration of magnetic separation in the existing treatment plants. We found that the use of magnetic nanoadsorbents is an effective option in water treatment, but lacks maturity in full-scale water treatment facilities. The concentrations of magnetic nanoadsorbents in final effluents can be controlled by using magnetic separation, thus minimizing the ecotoxicicological impact. Academia and the water industry should better collaborate to integrate magnetic separation in full-scale water purification and wastewater treatment plants.

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Minimal Liquid Discharge (MLD) and Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD) strategies for wastewater management and resource recovery – Analysis, challenges and prospects

Cited by 181 publications

References 75 publications

Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Ionic Mobility in Ion-Exchange Membranes

Electrospun Nanostructured Membrane Engineering Using Reverse Osmosis Recycled Modules: Membrane Distillation Application

Magnetic nanoadsorbents for micropollutant removal in real water treatment: a review

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