“…Since the introduction of minimally invasive cardiac surgery (MICS) in 1990s [ 6 , 7 ], as a main MICS procedure, TTCS has become the current trend in cardiac surgery [ 8 , 9 ]. In our center, TTCS has been used for MVR/MVA, TVR/TVA, resection of atrial myxoma, repair of atrial septal or ventricular septal defects, and radiofrequency ablation of atrial fibrillation.…”