Minimal inhibitory concentrations of various antimicrobial agents for human oral anaerobic bacteria

Baker, Pamela J.; Slots, Jørgen; Genco, Robert J.; Evans, R. T.

doi:10.1128/aac.24.3.420

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…melaninogenicus) were tested by broth macrodilution, since they grew poorly on Wilkins-Chalgren and other agar-containing media. As we described previously (Baker et al, 1983), broth dilution MICs did not differ from agar dilution MICs when both could be compared. Consequently, broth and agar dilution MICs are not distinguished in the presentation of the results.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Susceptibility testing. The minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) were determined anaerobically by the agar dilution method (Sutter et al, 1980) in Wilkins-Chalgren agar (Wilkins and Chalgren, 1976) as described previously (Baker et al, 1983). Some strains of the black-pigmented Bacteroides (B. gingivalis, B. intermedius, and B. melaninogenicus subsp.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…-The majority of organisms tested were recent isolates from periodontal pockets of patients with various forms of periodontal disease. The collection and identification procedures have been described previously (Baker et al, 1983). In addition, the laboratory standard strains listed below were tested.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Structural Determinants of Activity of Chlorhexidine and Alkyl Bisbiguanides Against the Human Oral Flora

Baker¹,

Coburn

Genco³

et al. 1987

J Dent Res

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We assayed chlorhexidine and a series of its analogues, in which the chlorophenyl terminal substituents were replaced with alkyl chains, for their in vitro antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative and Gram-positive oral bacteria. Changes in antimicrobial activity were correlated with changes in agent structure for identification of structural criteria which may be important in the optimization of agent activity. Chlorhexidine showed substantial antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative as well as the Gram-positive oral bacteria. The alkyl agents were comparable with chlorhexidine in their activity against Bacteroides gingivalis and Bacteroides intermedius, black-pigmented Gram-negative obligate anaerobes associated with periodontal disease in adults. Alkyl agents alexidine, heptihexidine (1,6-bis-n-heptylbiguanidohexane), hexoctidine (1,8-bis-n-hexylbiguanidoctane), and hexhexidine (1,6-bis-n-hexylbiguanidohexane), as well as chlorhexidine, were active against Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, a Gram-negative organism associated with localized juvenile periodontitis. Hexidecidine (1,10-bis-n-hexylbiguanidodecane) and heptoctidine (1,8-bis-n-heptylbiguanidooctane) were more active, and hexhexidine was as active as chlorhexidine against Fusobacterium nucleatum, also associated with periodontal disease. Seven of the agents were more active than chlorhexidine against Actinomyces species. All test agents were active against Streptococcus mutans, a Gram-positive coccus associated with dental caries. Hexidecidine had activity equal to that of chlorhexidine when evaluated against the entire battery of organisms. Analysis of structure-activity relationships revealed that alkyl chains could replace chlorophenyl groups with retention or improvement of antimicrobial activity.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Structural Determinants of Activity of Chlorhexidine and Alkyl Bisbiguanides Against the Human Oral Flora

Baker¹,

Coburn

Genco³

et al. 1987

J Dent Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Many strains were very slowgrowing and required 96 hr to achieve adequate growth on control plates. MICs of faster-growing strains were checked at 48 hr, and there was no change in MIC between 48 hr and 96 hr (Baker et al, 1983b). The MIC for each strain was taken as the lowest concentration of drug yielding either no growth, one discrete colony, or a barely visible haze (Sutter et al, 1980).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two-fold dilutions of each antibiotic were incorporated into plates of Wilkins-Chalgren agar (Wilkins and Chalgren, 1976). A 48-to-72-hour culture of each strain in Wilkins-Chalgren broth was standardized to 107 cells per ml (Baker et al, 1983b) (Steers et al, 1959). The plates were incubated for 96 hr at 37°C in an anaerobic chamber9 containing an atmosphere of 5% C02, 10% H2, and 85% N2.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria from the Human Oral Cavity

et al. 1985

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Anaerobic, agar-dilution, minimal inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 18 antibiotics are given for the numerically important bacterial groups from the human oral cavity. Strains are divided into susceptibility categories using the guidelines for interpretation of MICs suggested by the National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. These guidelines are based on data on antibiotic concentrations attainable in serum following various dosage regimens. MICs are also compared with attainable gingival fluid levels where these are known. The highest percentages of strains were susceptible to tetracycline, with 89% of the 139 strains tested susceptible to serum levels and 97% conditionally susceptible to attainable gingival fluid levels. Ninety-eight percent of strains were conditionally susceptible to attainable gingival fluid levels of minocycline, but many strains, including Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, were only moderately susceptible to attainable serum levels of this tetracycline analogue. Carbenicillin was effective against most groups of organisms, with the important exception of A. actinomycetemcomitans, at serum levels attainable with oral formulations of carbenicillin. Only 2% of the total strains tested were resistant to penicillin, while 33% of strains were categorized as moderately susceptible. Clindamycin was active against many strains of Gram-negative bacteria but was not active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, some Bacteroides, Eikenella corrodens, or the anaerobic vibrios. Metronidazole was active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, all five groups of oral Bacteroides tested, and against Capnocytophaga species. Chloramphenicol was active against A. actinomycetemcomitans, but not against most of the other groups of oral organisms. Nearly all groups contained strains non-susceptible to serum levels attainable with the usual doses of erythromycin, spiramycin, vancomycin, kanamycin, neomycin, streptomycin, doxycycline, oxytetracycline, or chlortetracycline; several strains were resistant to maximum attainable serum levels of each of these antibiotics except doxycycline.

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Genetic Exchange in Pigmented Bacteroides

Guiney¹

1993

Brock/Springer Series in Contemporary Bioscience

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Minimal inhibitory concentrations of various antimicrobial agents for human oral anaerobic bacteria

Cited by 44 publications

References 31 publications

Structural Determinants of Activity of Chlorhexidine and Alkyl Bisbiguanides Against the Human Oral Flora

Structural Determinants of Activity of Chlorhexidine and Alkyl Bisbiguanides Against the Human Oral Flora

Antibiotic Susceptibility of Anaerobic Bacteria from the Human Oral Cavity

Genetic Exchange in Pigmented Bacteroides

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