Miniemulsion polymerization of styrene using well-defined cationic amphiphilic comblike copolymers as the sole stabilizer

Multi‐Functional Stabilizers in Miniemulsion Polymerization

“…On the other hand, water-soluble comblike copolymers were also reported to suppress the need for a hydrophobic co-stabilizer in styrene miniemulsion polymerization. The authors showed that the kinetics of styrene conversion was unchanged by the presence or the absence of hexadecane dissolved in the monomer [17]. This strongly supports the idea that droplet ageing is very slow in both situations since droplet size has a significant effect on the overall rate of polymerization.…”

“…These considerations support the idea that a convenient design of polymeric stabilizers could suppress the need for hydrophobic co-stabilizers, taking the opportunity of elastic behaviour of the layer of polymeric surfactant at the surface of monomer droplets, which cannot be obtained with molecular surfactants. A direct comparison between cationic comblike copolymers and a cationic surfactant confirmed the strong difference in shelf-life of miniemulsions and the longer stability observed with the polymeric stabilizer [17]. Anionic diblock copolymers were also shown to act as co-stabilizers [25].…”

“…No direct comparison of the average diameter of the initial monomer emulsion and of the final latex is available. Nevertheless, with the cationic polymeric surfactants, no significant difference in the average particle diameter could be evidenced with or without the presence of hexadecane dissolved in the monomer [17]. With anionic polymers, latex particles with average diameters below 250 nm were obtained without adding any molecular hydrophobe in the monomer [18].…”

Living Radical Polymerization by the RAFT Process—A First Update

“…A large number of recent studies relate RAFT polymerization in heterogeneous media (emulsion, [67,74,81,98,117,122,139,[161][162][163][164][165][166] miniemulsion, [10,76,[167][168][169][170][171][172][173][174][175] or suspension [176] ). The area has been reviewed by McCleary and Klumperman [11] and Save et al [177] 'Surfactant free' emulsion polymerization making use of a hydrophilic macroRAFT agent (typically based on PAA oligomer formed with RAFT agent 67) [117,161,163,164] has been used for BA [117] and styrene.…”

Optical Analysis of Beads Encoded with Quantum Dots Coated with a Cationic Polymer

“…The resulting quaternized copolymers were then precipitated in diethyl ether and dried under vacuum. This copolymer synthesis followed exactly the procedure detailed by Manguian et al [33].…”