IntroductionA introdução da técnica laparoscópica em 1985 foi um
fator importante na colecistectomia por representar técnica menos invasiva,
resultado estético melhor e menor risco cirúrgico comparado ao
procedimento laparotômico.AimTo compare laparoscopic and minilaparotomy cholecystectomy in the treatment of
cholelithiasis.MethodsA systematic review of randomized clinical trials, which included studies from
four databases (Medline, Embase, Cochrane and Lilacs) was performed. The keywords
used were "Cholecystectomy", "Cholecystectomy, Laparoscopic" and "Laparotomy". The
methodological quality of primary studies was assessed by the Grade system.ResultsTen randomized controlled trials were included, totaling 2043 patients, 1020 in
Laparoscopy group and 1023 in Minilaparotomy group. Laparoscopic cholecystectomy
dispensed shorter length of hospital stay (p<0.00001) and return to work
activities (p<0.00001) compared to minilaparotomy, and the minilaparotomy
shorter operative time (p<0.00001) compared to laparoscopy. Laparoscopy
decrease the risk of postoperative pain (NNT=7) and infectious complications
(NNT=50). There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding
conversion (p=0,06) and surgical reinterventions (p=0,27), gall bladder's
perforation (p=0,98), incidence of common bile duct injury (p=1.00), surgical site
infection (p=0,52) and paralytic ileus (p=0,22).ConclusionIn cholelithiasis, laparoscopic cholecystectomy is associated with a lower
incidence of postoperative pain and infectious complications, as well as shorter
length of hospital stay and time to return to work activities compared to
minilaparotomy cholecystectomy.