Miniaturized UWB elliptical patch antenna for skin cancer diagnosis imaging

Abstract

The biomedical imaging shows promising results in many applications such as protein characterization and cancer detection using non-ionizing radiation. Skin cancer is one of the most common types of cancer because it is exposed by sun rays during the day. Many techniques have been offered to detect the tumor in the early stage such as ultrasonic and MW imaging. However, most of these studies showed a large printing area with lower BW so as the low resolution. To overcome these drawbacks, a new low profile UWB elliptical patch antenna with high performance is designed on PTFE as a substrate. Then a layer of Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) applies to improve the antenna radiation characteristics. The proposed antenna has a broad BW from 3.9 GHz to 30 GHz along with a resonance at 2.4 GHz. Furthermore, the antenna presents a maximum gain of 7.3 dB, maximum directivity of 7.78 dBi, the maximum radiation efficiency of 92 %, and consistent, stable radiation pattern throughout the frequency band. Besides, the time-domain characteristics show that the antenna can be a suitable candidate for microwave imaging of skin cancer.

Recent Advances in Wearable Antenna Technologies: A Review

“…For diagnostic uses, microwave imaging was commonly used to image the interior of human bodies and to identify pathogens as they already grow for their early stages [47,48]. These diseases might involve strokes of the brain, breast cancers, bone fractures, and damage to the sub-skin [49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56]. In light of this, Lin et al [57] proposed novel low-profile ultra-wideband full-textile antenna architecture for portable medical imaging systems in the microwave.…”

ON-OFF Body Ultra-Wideband (UWB) Antenna for Wireless Body Area Networks (WBAN): A Review

“…For further miniaturization, the biomedical illustration demonstrates positive outcomes utilizing non-ionizing radiation in multiple applications such as protein characterization and cancer detection. In [49], Zakaria et al presented a design of miniaturized printed elliptical patch antenna used for medical imaging such as skin cancer detection. The antenna is relatively compact with overall dimensions (15 × 15) mm, fabricated by a combination of a Roggers 5880 sheet εr = 2.2, and h = 0.787 mm, PTFE sheet εr =2.55, and h =2.5 mm as a cover, and Indium Tin Oxide (ITO) sheet with thickness = 0.1 µm as shown in figure 16.…”

“…Section III concentrates on (ON-Body) communication antenna analysis and applications [70]- [86]. On the other hand, the paper classified and considered the operating frequency bands standard by 802.15 family and Federal Communications Commission (FCC) [32] UWB for OFF-Body based monopole [33], [34], [36], [40], [42]- [44], [47]- [49], [52], [54], [55], ground plane [57], [58], [63], [68] and ON-Body antennas [71], [74]- [77], [79], [81], [84]- [86]. Finally, the conclusion of the whole article is presented in section IV.…”

Radiation effect of fractal sierpinski square patch antenna

“…SAR limit is the ratio of the amount of power measured in watt to the average mass measured in gram. SAR is affected antenna kinds, the distance between antenna location and the human body, radiation patterns and radiated power [6,7]. There are different approaches to SAR reduction, first approach is implemented by changing the angle of Electromagnetic source in relation to human body such as skin, brain and bone, second approach is investigated using fractal theory to reduce the size of antenna or changing the type of material covering the radiator [8].…”

“…First standard is IEEE C95.1: 1999 and the other standard is IEEE C95.1: 2005 which is comparable to the absorption limit expressed in ICNIRP. SAR limit of IEEE C95.1: 1999 can be expressed as1.6W/Kg in a SAR 1 gm averaging mass while SAR limit in the second kind is updated to 2W/Kg in a 10 gm averaging mass [10][11][12]. [13].…”