Miniaturized Multistubs Loaded Rectangular Monopole Antenna for Multiband Applications Based on Theory of Characteristics Modes

Abstract

A miniaturized rectangular monopole antenna (RMA) integrated with a T-shaped stub, inverted long and short L-shaped stub resonators based on application of the theory of characteristic modes (CMs) is investigated for multiband operation. CMs of embedded multistubs resonators on the RMA are examined and perceived that the entire structure is able to excite magnetic and electric CMs, in which three valuable CMs at 2.69/3.68/5.35 GHz are attained to cover WiMAX and WLAN bands. Based on CM analysis, the design formulation of multistubs resonators loaded antenna is presented. The proposed multiband antenna has been fabricated, tested, and experimentally characterized. The measured fractional bandwidths (FBWs) are 7.03% (180 MHz, 2.47-2.65 GHz), 10.43% (360 MHz, 3.27-3.63 GHz), and 11.42% (630 MHz, 5.20-5.83 GHz). The antenna exhibits isolated multiple frequency bands, stable monopole-like radiation patterns, and flat realized gains over the operating resonance bands while maintaining the small antenna size.

Miniaturized circularly polarized metasurface antenna based on characteristic mode analysis

“…The principle of a CP antenna is to radiate two field components with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90°. 11 Figure 5C shows the phase difference and amplitude difference curves of the Ex and Ey components in the far field of the proposed antenna along the +z-axis. It is seen that the phase difference is close to 90°and the amplitude difference is close to 1.…”

“…Figure 5B shows the simulated and measured AR bandwidth of the antenna, and the 3 dB AR bandwidth is 14%. The principle of a CP antenna is to radiate two field components with the same amplitude and a phase difference of 90° 11 . Figure 5C shows the phase difference and amplitude difference curves of the Ex and Ey components in the far field of the proposed antenna along the + z ‐axis.…”

Miniaturized wideband metasurface antenna loaded with H‐slot based on characteristic mode analysis

“…The source-free characteristic mode analysis (CMA) can provide valuable insights into the mode behavior and current distribution of the antenna when the excitation structure is not considered. 22,23 It has been successfully designed for MTSA to broaden the mode bandwidth and improve radiation patterns. [24][25][26] In this work, an H-slot-loaded miniaturized MTSA based on CMA is proposed.…”

A novel binary branch bionic antenna for communication and navigation

“…Alternatively, multiple monopole or dipole antennas may be employed as resonant branches with different operating frequencies to create multiple operating bands. 12 In Ben Issa and Essaaidi, 13 the coupling branches or parasitic patches are isolated from the antenna, and the electromagnetic coupling between them is used to achieve multi-band capabilities. In Thanh et al, 14 slots are etched into a radiator to change the local current mode and produce different resonance frequencies.…”