“…4c indicates a bimodal grain size distribution, with small grains near 2 m and bigger ones near 6-7 m. The intergrain porosity is small, only pores with size in the interval 0.5-2 m are present. Well faceted, polyhedral grains with smooth surfaces and edges showing dimensions in the range (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) m are observed for BZT sample sintered at 1650 • C (Fig. 4d).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…These materials, which exhibit high dielectric constant, low dielectric losses, and good temperature stability are required to reduce the size and weight of equipment, enhance its reliability, and lower the manufacturing and operational costs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Ceramics are from far the most utilized as they offer cost-effective solutions for applications.…”
“…4c indicates a bimodal grain size distribution, with small grains near 2 m and bigger ones near 6-7 m. The intergrain porosity is small, only pores with size in the interval 0.5-2 m are present. Well faceted, polyhedral grains with smooth surfaces and edges showing dimensions in the range (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20) m are observed for BZT sample sintered at 1650 • C (Fig. 4d).…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 83%
“…These materials, which exhibit high dielectric constant, low dielectric losses, and good temperature stability are required to reduce the size and weight of equipment, enhance its reliability, and lower the manufacturing and operational costs [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Ceramics are from far the most utilized as they offer cost-effective solutions for applications.…”
“…These materials were successfully used in passive devices like oscillators, multiplexers, filters, metamaterials, antennas, etc. [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 , 9 ]. Even though a large number of dielectrics with suitable properties have been reported [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 ], their mass production is restricted due to the manufacturing costs and technological limitations.…”
Terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS) was employed for estimation of intrinsic dielectric loss of Zr0.8Sn0.2TiO4 (ZST) ceramics. Single-phase ZST dielectric resonators (DRs) with various synthesis parameters and, consequently, different extrinsic losses, were prepared by conventional ceramic technology. Even though the DRs exhibit a similar microstructure, their quality factor (Q is the inverse of dielectric loss tangent) measured in microwave (MW) domain at 6 GHz varies between 2500 and 8400. On the other hand, it was found that the THz dielectric loss is less sensitive to the sample preparation. The intrinsic losses (Q × f ~60 THz) of the ZST ceramics have been derived from THz data.
“…9(a) where the topology of the metasurface is shown. In this figure it is noticeable that the resonant element (highlighted in red) extends beyond the minimum period of the metasurface (black dotted line) thus leading to a miniaturized metasurface metasurface 55 . Figure 9 Metasurface’s topology: the resonant element (highlighted in red) extends beyond the minimum period of the metasurface (black dotted line) ( a ); Simulated | R yx | of the refined metasurface as a function of the frequency for different elevation angles ( θ = 1°, 11°, 21°, 30°, 40°) of the incident wave ( b ).…”
An ultra-wideband linear polarization converter based on a reflecting metasurface is presented. The polarizer is composed by a periodic arrangement of miniaturized metallic elements printed on a grounded dielectric substrate. In order to achieve broadband polarization converting properties, the metasurface is optimized by employing a genetic algorithm (GA) which imposes the minimization of the amplitude of the co-polar reflection coefficient over a wide frequency band. The enhanced angular stability of the polarization converter is due to the miniaturized unit cell which is obtained by imposing the maximum periodicity of the metasurface in the GA optimization process. The pixelated polarization converter obtained by the GA exhibits a relative bandwidth of 102% working from 8.12 GHz to 25.16 GHz. The analysis of the surface current distribution of the metasurface led to a methodology for refining the optimized GA solution based on the sequential removal of pixels of the unit cell on which surface currents are not excited. The relative bandwidth of the refined polarizer is extended up to 117.8% with a unit cell periodicity of 0.46 mm, corresponding to λ/20 at the maximum operating frequency. The performance of the proposed ultra-wideband polarization metasurface has been confirmed through full-wave simulations and measurements.
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