Miniaturized Hexagonal Antenna with Defected Ground Plane for 5G MM Wave Applications

Abstract

The paper presents a very compact hexagonal millimeter wave antenna of dimension 9 × 5 × 0.25 mm 3 with defected ground plane for mm-wave applications. The parametric design analysis is done for circular patch and hexagonal antenna on the same defected ground plane, and performance parameters of the antenna are analyzed. The designed hexagonal antenna with defected ground plane is compared with existing planar mm antennas in literature and works in ultra-wideband frequency at 40 GHz to 52 GHz with a minimum gain of 5.3 dBi and maximum gain of 6.5 dBi over the band and has the total efficiency of 80-95.9%. Antenna characteristic behavior is analyzed by varying the length of notches of the ground plane and other parameters such as thickness of the substrate, dielectric constant, and width of the strip of antenna. The antenna equivalent model is presented and is also simulated using Linear Technology (LT Spice). The radiation patterns are analyzed, and S 11 impedance of the antenna is studied using the Smith chart. The antenna is simulated using CST Microwave Studio simulation tool and fabricated, and the results are validated using VNA (Vector Network Analyzer). This antenna's low profile enables easy integration with micro-circuits and can be used in applications such as fixed and mobile satellite, earth explorations satellite, space research services, broadcasting satellite services, international mobile telecommunication services, and High-Altitude Platform Systems (HAPS) services in mm-wave domain.