Miniaturized Antenna Array-Based Novel Metamaterial Technology for Reconfigurable MIMO Systems

Abstract

In this work, a highly miniaturized microstrip antenna array based on two elements is proposed for multiple inputs multiple outputs (MIMO) application systems at sub-6 GHz frequency bands. The antenna is structured from a meander line in conjugate with an interdigital capacitor when excited through the monopole basic antenna. The proposed antenna elements are separated with a Minkowski factor-shaped metamaterial (MTM) column to achieve a separation distance (D) of 0.08λ at 3 GHz when printed on an FR-4 substrate. Later on, the antenna performance in terms of bandwidth and gain is controlled using a photonic process based on optical active switches based on light-dependent resistances (LDR). Therefore, the reconfiguration complexity with such a technique can be eliminated significantly without the need for a biasing circuit. The antenna design was conducted through several parametric studies to arrive at the optimal design that realizes the frequency bandwidth between 3 and 5.5 GHz with a maximum gain of about 4.5 dBi when all LDR terminals are off. For a wireless channel performance study-based massive MIMO environment, the proposed antenna is suitable to be configured in arrays of 64 × 64 elements. From this study, it was found the maximum bit error rate (BER) does not exceed 0.15 with a channel capacity (CC) of 2 Gbps. For validation, the antenna was fabricated based on two elements and tested experimentally. Finally, it was revealed that the measured results agree very well with simulations after comparing the theoretical calculations with the measured data.

DESAIN ANTENA MIKROSTRIP PATCH E-SHAPE ARRAY MENGGUNAKAN REFLEKTOR GANDA UNTUK APLIKASI LONG RANGE (LoRa) PADA FREKUENSI 915 MHz

“…Lapisan kedua dan ketiga adalah lapisan reflector yang terdiri dari lapisan conjugate dan DGS. Lapisan conjugate dapat meningkatkan unjuk kerja antenna mikrostrip (Hussein et al, 2023;Mo & Li, 2019). Susunan antenna ini untuk menempatkan dimensi yang sama dari patch di lapisan atas dan slot di lapisan ground substrat dielektrik yang sama, untuk mendapatkan gain yang tinggi dan bandwidth yang lebar.…”

A 3D Antenna Array based Solar Cell Integration for Modern MIMO Systems

“…Recently, several researchers have exploited fractal geometries in microwave circuits, such as antenna designs [19] and microwave filters [2]. To make microwave resonators, fractal geometries may be constructed from a variety of forms [21]. One of the most well-known is the Koch-fractal geometry, which has been adopted as a standard in microwave applications [22]- [29].…”