Miniaturization of flow-through generation cells for electrochemical hydride generation in AAS

Abstract

Abstract:The construction and optimization of five new types of miniaturized flow-through electrolytic cells with lead cathode and platinum anode for electrochemical hydride generation in atomic absorption spectrometry (HG-QFAAS) were achieved during this research study. The ion-exchange membrane was not part of these cells and only one carrying electrolyte for both electrode chambers was used. Hydride generation efficiency achieved was either comparable or higher than the one recorded for the classic thin-layer generation cell. The inner volume of the cathode chamber was reduced to a quarter of the classic thin-layer flow-through cell. Compared to the commonly used thin-layer flow-through cell, higher sensitivity (7.32×10 3 dm 3 μg -1 ) and better limit of detection (0.32 μg dm -3 ) were obtained for selenium determination using two of these new generators.

Determination of Cadmium in Water Samples by Electrochemical Hydride Generation Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Using Series Graphite Tubes as Electrolytic Cells under Constant Voltage

“…First, most of existing EcHG apparatuses generally use two "parallel electrodes"; hence, an ion exchange membrane and two pumps are generally required for the separation of two electrolyte solutions. Although the EcHG apparatus without a membrane was also developed, 17,18 it still needs the careful fabrication and use of various materials due to the adoption of "parallel electrodes" and a DC unit with the constant current mode, which had relatively high power supply costs. Second, the electrode was usually made of a metal or alloy such as lead, cadmium, titanium, platinum or tin-lead due to their high hydrogen overvoltage.…”

Speciation of Inorganic- and Methyl-Mercury in Biological Matrixes by Electrochemical Vapor Generation from an l-Cysteine Modified Graphite Electrode with Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Detection

“…37 Since this method requires only one simple electrolytic cell and a power supply, it is more efficient and greener than PCVG. 38 Moreover, through the utilization of continuous flow/flow injection electrolytic cell, at least ten elements, including As, 39−42 Bi, 36 Cd, 38,43 Hg, 44,45 Ge, 46 Pb, 47 Se, 48,49 Sb, 39,50 Sn, 51 and Te 52 have been successfully reported using EVG coupled with different detection techniques, which has more application than USVG. Additionally, high sample throughput, good precision, fast analysis, high generation efficiency, and ease of automation can also be achieved.…”

Miniaturized electrochemical cells for applications in drug screening and protein cleavage

“…Several other methods have been published for fabricating flow-through cells. Probably one of the easier methods is to use a piece of plexiglass, with drilled microfluidic channels and inserted wires as electrodes [161,162]. The drawback of this approach is that the size of the microfluidic channels is limited by the size of the drill.…”

“…A miniaturized electrochemical cell focused towards a good conversion efficiency requires a different cell design with sufficient electrode area. Some miniaturized flow-through cells have been reported, but are either limited in oxidation potential [156], or show a rather poor conversion efficiency while using still rather large internal cell volumes [161,165]. Moreover, very few flow-through cells that have been reported include a proper reference electrode [158].…”