Miniaturization of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Wood, Troy D.; Moy, Marie A.; Dolan, Anthony R.; Bigwarfe, Paul M.; White, Thomas P.; Smith, Douglas R.; Higbee, Daniel J.

doi:10.1081/asr-120021167

Cited by 34 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 218 publications

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“…With the introduction of novel ionization methods for modern mass spectrometric (MS) analysis, such as electrospray ionization (ESI) by Fenn et al [3] and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization (MALDI) by Tanaka et al [4] and independently by Karas and Hillenkamp [5], in the late eighties, scientists employing modern mass spectrometric tools face new challenges with respect to background ions that might not have played significant roles in traditional or other well-established routine analytical methodologies. The ongoing efforts to further miniaturize liquid chromatography (LC) methods [6], combinations of LC/MS [7][8][9][10][11][12], the development of capillary electrophoresis combined with MS (CE/MS) [13] including microfluidic chip-based mass spectrometry [14][15][16][17], make it easy to predict that knowledge of potential interferences and background ions will become increasingly important for successful future development of GLP-adhering methods in routine and research analytical methodologies. Miniaturization of sample transfer procedures and handling tools increases exponentially the surface to sample volume ratio and thus any interferences resulting from contaminated or background leaching surfaces will consequently also multiply.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferences and contaminants encountered in modern mass spectrometry

Keller

Sui

Young

et al. 2008

Analytica Chimica Acta

536

464

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interferences and contaminants encountered in modern mass spectrometry

Keller

Sui

Young

et al. 2008

Analytica Chimica Acta

536

464

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“…In mass spectrometry, the main focus has been on the miniaturization of ion sources. Among the atmospheric pressure ionization (API) techniques for mass spectrometry (MS), electrospray ionization (ESI) is the most widely used, and thus miniaturization of ESI sources has been the most popular 3. However, miniaturized ESI sources can suffer from poor signal stability and low lifetime,4–6 whereas other miniaturized API sources, such as micro‐atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (µAPCI) and micro‐atmospheric pressure photoionization (µAPPI), have shown excellent signal stabilities lasting several hours, and lifetimes of up to several weeks 7, 8.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of polychlorinated biphenyls using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization microchips

Luosujärvi

Karikko

Haapala

et al. 2008

Rapid Comm Mass Spectrometry

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Gas chromatography (GC) and ion trap mass spectrometry (MS) were combined with microchip atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (microAPCI) and microchip atmospheric pressure photoionization (microAPPI) sources. Selected polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs, IUPAC Nos. 28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153 and 180) were analyzed by GC/microAPCI-MS and GC/microAPPI-MS to demonstrate the applicability of the miniaturized ion sources in negative ion mode analysis. The microAPCI and microAPPI methods were evaluated in respect of detection limit, linearity and repeatability. The detection limits for the PCB congeners were somewhat lower with microAPCI than with microAPPI, whereas microAPPI showed slightly wider linear range and better repeatability. With both methods, the best results were obtained for highly chlorinated or non-ortho-chlorinated PCBs, which possess the highest electron affinities. Finally, the suitability of the GC/microAPPI-MS method for the analysis of PCBs in environmental samples was demonstrated by analyzing soil extracts, and by comparing the results with those obtained by gas chromatography with electron capture detection (GC/ECD).

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“…As the ESI source occupies a key position, which can decide upon the success of mass spectrometric experiments,51–53 we started our studies with the evaluation of the usability of three different source designs, namely, Nanospray, MicroIonspray, and MicroTurboIonspray. Our major concern was getting the highest mass spectrometric sensitivity at flow rates compatible with the needs of the chromatographic method.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of synthetic nucleic acids by electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

2005

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The potential of electrospray ionization quadrupole-quadrupole-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ESI-QqTOF-MS) for the characterization of synthetic nucleic acids was evaluated. Oligonucleotides ranging in size from 12 up to 51 nucleotides were analyzed via direct infusion MS as well as via liquid chromatography (LC) online hyphenated to MS. These experiments proved the outstanding mass spectrometric performance of the TOF mass analyzer in regard of accuracy, reproducibility, resolution, and sensitivity. During a 1-min run, the monoisotopic mass of (dT)(24) was measured with a maximum relative mass deviation of 7.64 ppm proving the high mass accuracy of the TOF analyzer. Over a period of 1 h, mean deviations were determined in the range between -3.58 ppm and 3.06 ppm demonstrating the high stability of the applied external calibration. The molecular mass of a 51-mer was measured with a deviation smaller than 3.23 ppm from the theoretical value. The resolution exceeded a value of m/Deltam = 20 000 (m is the measured mass and Deltam the full peak width at half-maximum), which enabled the separation of the isotopic peaks of all investigated oligonucleotides. Because of the outstanding transmission and detection efficiency of the TOF mass analyzer, detection limits in the amol/microl to low fmol/microl range were reached. The usability of LC-ESI-QqTOF-MS for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of synthetic oligonucleotide mixtures was demonstrated.

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Miniaturization of Electrospray Ionization Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 34 publications

References 218 publications

Interferences and contaminants encountered in modern mass spectrometry

Interferences and contaminants encountered in modern mass spectrometry

Gas chromatography/mass spectrometry of polychlorinated biphenyls using atmospheric pressure chemical ionization and atmospheric pressure photoionization microchips

Characterization of synthetic nucleic acids by electrospray ionization quadrupole time‐of‐flight mass spectrometry

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