Miniature toroidal radio frequency ion trap mass analyzer

Lammert, Stephen A.; Rockwood, Alan A; Wang, Miao; Lee, Milton L.; Lee, Edgar D.; Tolley, Samuel E.; Oliphant, James R; Jones, Jeffrey L.; Waite, Randall W.

doi:10.1016/j.jasms.2006.02.009

Cited by 118 publications

(91 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(18 reference statements)

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“…The monitor directly desorbs the organic marker compounds from collected PM in an inert atmosphere, transfers the desorbed compound to the head of a resistively heated GC column, and then analyzes the trapped compounds by GC-MS. The toroidal RF ion trap MS 130,131 was developed primarily on a contract from the Defense Threat Reduction Agency (DTRA), U.S. Department of Defense, for point detection of chemical agents and was applied in the authors' National Science Foundation (NSF) program to the monitoring of organic marker compounds. The instrument is shown schematically in Figure 1.…”

Section: Anion-exchange Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Lin

Lee

Eatough

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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Fine particulate matter is believed to be more toxic than coarse particles and to exacerbate health problems such as respiratory and cardiopulmonary diseases. Specific organic compounds within atmospheric fine particulate material can be used to differentiate specific inputs from various emissions and thus is helpful in identifying the major urban air pollution sources that contribute to these health problems. Particular marker compounds that carry signature information about different emission sources (i.e., gasoline or diesel motor vehicles, wood smoke, meat cooking, vegetative detritus, and cigarette smoke) are reviewed. Aerosol organic types (e.g., from mass spectrometry data, which can also help in elucidation of carbonaceous material sources) are also discussed. Apportionment of the primary source contributions and atmospheric processes contributing to fine particulate matter and fine particulate organic material concentrations are outlined. This review provides an overview of the latest developments in chemical characterization approaches for identification and quantification of compounds in complex organic mixtures associated with fine atmospheric particles and their use in chemical mass balance (CMB) and positive matrix factorization (PMF) source apportionment models.

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Section: Anion-exchange Chromatographymentioning

confidence: 99%

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Lin

Lee

Eatough

2010

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…These scan methods simplify the electronics, but there remain problems of nonlinearity in mass calibration (save for the linear calibration described in ref. [14]), unexpected peaks, and poor mass resolution [15]. As a result, traditional rf amplitude sweeps have remained the favored method of ion trap operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Characterization of Secular Frequency Scanning in Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers

Snyder

Pulliam

Wiley

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. Secular frequency scanning is implemented and characterized using both a benchtop linear ion trap and a miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer. Separation of tetraalkylammonium ions and those from a mass calibration mixture and from a pesticide mixture is demonstrated with peak widths approaching unit resolution for optimized conditions using the benchtop ion trap. The effects on the spectra of ion trap operating parameters, including waveform amplitude, scan direction, scan rate, and pressure are explored, and peaks at black holes corresponding to nonlinear (higher-order field) resonance points are investigated. Reverse frequency sweeps (increasing mass) on the Mini 12 are shown to result in significantly higher ion ejection efficiency and superior resolution than forward frequency sweeps that decrement mass. This result is accounted for by the asymmetry in ion energy absorption profiles as a function of AC frequency and the shift in ion secular frequency at higher amplitudes in the trap due to higher order fields. We also found that use of higher AC amplitudes in forward frequency sweeps biases ions toward ejection at points of higher order parametric resonance, despite using only dipolar excitation. Higher AC amplitudes also increase peak width and decrease sensitivity in both forward and reverse frequency sweeps. Higher sensitivity and resolution were obtained at higher trap pressures in the secular frequency scan, in contrast to conventional resonance ejection scans, which showed the opposite trend in resolution on the Mini 12. Mass range is shown to be naturally extended in secular frequency scanning when ejecting ions by sweeping the AC waveform through low frequencies, a method which is similar, but arguably superior, to the more usual method of mass range extension using low q resonance ejection.

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“…9 More recent work has seen the commercialization of a novel toroidal ion trap system. 10 A website devoted to small instruments and a conference series on MS in harsh environments prominently features handheld mass spectrometers (www.gcms. MEMS-based analyzers and other components, including ion sources and detectors, are now appearing in conference presentations.…”

Section: On the Small Sidementioning

confidence: 99%

“…11 The reasons for the choice of the ion trap as the mass analyzer in our program as well as at Brigham Young University, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, the University of North Carolina, the University of South Florida, and the Defence Evaluation and Research Agency (U.K.) are summarized in Table 2. 5,7,10,12 Two contrasting approaches to building small, capable mass spectrometer systems can be taken. In the "bottom-up" approach, the scale of interest is chosen, and components are built and assembled on that scale.…”

Section: Ion-trap-based Miniature Instrumentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Handheld Miniature Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers

2009

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For field applications, "miniature" and "rapid" have become almost synonymous, yet these small mass spectrometers are not useful if performance is too severely compromised. (To listen to a podcast about this feature, please go to the Analytical Chemistry website at pubs. acs.org/journal/ancham.)MS is widely regarded as the gold standard for chemical analysis with respect to selectivity, detection limits, and broad applicability. However, mass spectrometers are comparatively delicate instruments, partly a consequence of the need for a vacuum system into which the sample is introduced. There have long been efforts at direct MS analysis of complex mixtures, 1 but extensive sample cleanup and increasingly sophisticated multianalyzers have been involved. These considerations have limited the applications of MS outside the laboratory. It is striking that although progress in many areas of technology is strongly associated with miniaturization, this correlation is barely evident in MS.Nevertheless, for many applications of MS, in situ experiments would have significant advantages over laboratory measurements, even if there are significant losses in analytical performance. Some applications of immediate interest include environmental monitoring (especially surveys that require large numbers of samples), quality control, food safety, forensics, security and public safety, and clinical diagnostics. The objective of this article is to summarize recent progress in developing handheld miniature mass spectrometers. Note that the focus is on complete systems, not particular components, even important ones like the mass analyzer. ON THE SMALL SIDEInterest in small mass analyzers stretches back several decades. For example, a hyperbolic ion trap analyzer the size of a quarter with a 2.5-mm radius and an m/z range of 70,000 was reported in 1991.2 A Mattauch-Herzog-type, nonscanning, double-focusing sector mass analyzer was reported in 1991, and a very small, double-focusing, crossed electric-and magnetic-field sector analyzer was described in 2001.3,4 Recent work by Ramsey, Austin, Short, and others has advanced small analyzers further, and the emphasis is increasingly turning to microelectromechanical systems (MEMS)-fabricated mass analyzers. [5][6][7][8] However, only in the past decadesand especially in the past 5 yearsshas significant progress been made in the development of small, low-power, portable, autonomous mass spectrometer systems; some have progressed to the point of commercialization. A review in 2000 summarized the mass analyzers used in miniature instruments, showing examples of virtually all the common types, including quadrupole mass filters, quadrupole ion traps, magnetic sector fields, TOF, and FT ion cyclotron resonance instruments. 9 More recent work has seen the commercialization of a novel toroidal ion trap system. 10 A website devoted to small instruments and a conference series on MS in harsh environments prominently features handheld mass spectrometers (www.gcms.

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Miniature toroidal radio frequency ion trap mass analyzer

Cited by 118 publications

References 19 publications

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Review of Recent Advances in Detection of Organic Markers in Fine Particulate Matter and Their Use for Source Apportionment

Experimental Characterization of Secular Frequency Scanning in Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers

Handheld Miniature Ion Trap Mass Spectrometers

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