Miniature in-line photonic crystal fiber etalon fabricated by 157 nm laser micromachining

Ran, Zengling; Rao, Yunjiang; Deng, Huitong; Liao, Xiao-Jun

doi:10.1364/ol.32.003071

Cited by 70 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Many methods have been developed to fabricate fiberoptic FPIs. These include using conventional hollow-core fiber [3][4][5], chemical etching [7,8], and laser micromachining [9,10]. Recently, FPIs made from hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber [11] and solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) [12] by simply cleaving and splicing have been demonstrated as strain and temperature sensors.…”

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confidence: 99%

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

Qureshi

et al. 2011

Opt. Lett.

179

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A fiber-optic Fabry-Perot interferometer was constructed by splicing a short length of photonic crystal fiber to a standard single-mode fiber. The photonic crystal fiber functions as a Fabry-Perot cavity and serves as a direct sensing probe without any additional components. Its pressure and temperature responses in the range of 0-40 MPa and 25°C-700°C were experimentally studied. The proposed sensor is easy to fabricate, potentially lowcost, and compact in size, which makes it very attractive for high-pressure and high-temperature sensing applications. . These advantages make them very suitable for deployment in space-limited harsh environments such as turbine engines and power plants and in the oil and gas industry, where pressure and temperature are the two most common measurands [3][4][5][6][7]. Many methods have been developed to fabricate fiberoptic FPIs. These include using conventional hollow-core fiber [3][4][5], chemical etching [7,8], and laser micromachining [9,10]. Recently, FPIs made from hollow-core photonic bandgap fiber [11] and solid-core photonic crystal fiber (PCF) [12] by simply cleaving and splicing have been demonstrated as strain and temperature sensors. The former needs a coating film onto the fiber endface, thereby increasing the complexity of the fabrication process. The latter as a temperature sensor is not stable, because the air holes are exposed to external environment [13].In this Letter, we report a fiber-optic FPI constructed by splicing a solid-core PCF to a standard single-mode fiber (SMF), and the other end of the PCF was collapsed with arc discharge using a fusion splicer. The entire fabrication process was performed using a commercially available fusion splicer. The principle of the FPI sensor is also presented here. We experimentally investigated the high-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of the proposed FPI sensor. Measurements of pressure up to 40 MPa and temperature up to 700°C were carried out. The pressure and temperature coefficients of the FPI sensor were measured to be −5:8 pm=MPa and ∼13 pm=°C, respectively. The experimental results agree well with the theoretical analysis. Figure 1(a) illustrates the experimental setup of our measurement. A broadband source (BBS) centered at 1530 nm is used to illuminate the FPI through an optical circulator. The reflection spectrum of the FPI is observed by an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA). Figures 1(b) and 1(c) show the schematic diagram and photograph of the fabricated FPI. A short length of a solid-core PCF (PM-1550-01 by Blaze Photonics) was first spliced to a standard SMF using the technique reported in [14]. Because of the small difference in refractive index between the SMF and the PCF, a mirror with relatively low reflectivity was formed at the fiber interface. The PCF was then cleaved to a length of several millimeters. A second lowreflection mirror at the end of the solid core was formed due to Frésnel reflection. As a result, a relatively weak FPI was constructed with an intensity contrast of ∼6 dB as sh...

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confidence: 99%

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

Qureshi

et al. 2011

Opt. Lett.

179

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“…13 In this paper, we describe an alternative approach based on ion beam micromachining. Focused ion beam (FIB) has been used in a number of fiber-based applications, including fabrication of long period gratings, 14 micromachining of fiber tips, 15 and milling of side access holes in structured optical fibers.…”

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Note: Optical fiber milled by focused ion beam and its application for Fabry-Pérot refractive index sensor

Yuan

Wang

Savenko

et al. 2011

Review of Scientific Instruments

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We introduce a highly compact fiber-optic Fabry-Pérot refractive index sensor integrated with a fluid channel that is fabricated directly near the tip of a 32 μm in diameter single-mode fiber taper. The focused ion beam technique is used to efficiently mill the microcavity from the fiber side and finely polish the end facets of the cavity with a high spatial resolution. It is found that a fringe visibility of over 15 dB can be achieved and that the sensor has a sensitivity of ∼1731 nm/RIU (refractive index units) and a detection limit of ∼5.78 × 10−6 RIU. This miniature integrated all-in-fiber optofludic sensor may find use in minimal-invasive biomedical applications.

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“…A 157 nm laser was used for micromachining an in-line etalon, with two smooth and parallel reflecting sides, in an endlessly single mode PCF. This was demonstrated for strain measurements in a high temperature environment with a fringe contrast of~26 dB [14]. Shi et al [15] were able to produce a multiplexed strain sensor system using different lengths of HCF spliced between SMF.…”

Section: Fabry-perot Interferometer (Fpi)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Photonic Crystal Fiber–Based Interferometric Sensors

Hu¹,

Wong²,

Shum³

2018

Selected Topics on Optical Fiber Technologies and Applications

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Photonic crystal fibers (PCFs), also known as microstructured optical fibers, are a highlighted invention of optical fiber technology which have unveiled a new domain of manipulating light in engineered fiber waveguides with unparalleled flexibility and controllability. Since the report of the first fabricated PCF in 1996, research in PCFs has resulted in numerous explorations, development and commercialization of PCF-based technologies and applications. PCFs contain axially aligned air channels which provide a large degree of freedom in design to achieve a variety of peculiar properties; numerous PCF-based sensors have been proposed, developed and demonstrated for a broad range of sensing applications. In this chapter, we will review the field of research on design, development and experimental achievement of PCF-based interferometric sensors for physical and biomedical sensing applications.

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Miniature in-line photonic crystal fiber etalon fabricated by 157 nm laser micromachining

Cited by 70 publications

References 13 publications

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

High-pressure and high-temperature characteristics of a Fabry–Perot interferometer based on photonic crystal fiber

Note: Optical fiber milled by focused ion beam and its application for Fabry-Pérot refractive index sensor

Photonic Crystal Fiber–Based Interferometric Sensors

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