Miniature Continuous Coverage Antenna Array for GNSS Receivers

Compact Four-Element Antenna Array Design for Beidou Navigation Satellite System Applications

“…To obtain desired power splitting and stable quadrature phase outputs, a cascade of 3-dB Wilkinson power divider and a 90 • phase shifter with different lengths of striplines are employed. When compared to the microstrip feeding networks [5][6][7], the stripline one could further decrease the mutual coupling between the patch antenna and the feeding network.…”

“…As a consequence, the nulling and beamforming performance of the adaptive antennas can be significantly deteriorated [4]. To date, a large number of multi-element antenna arrays with reduced size, acceptable radiation property, and reasonable inter-element isolation have been proposed [5][6][7][8]. Chinese BeiDou navigation satellite system (BDS) has already been providing services for the Asia-Pacific region.…”

“…Therefore, it is desirable to develop and design compact multi-element antenna arrays for BDS B3 adaptive antenna applications. Unfortunately, most of the reported designs can operate merely at the GPS bands [5][6][7]. Zhou et al proposed a tri-band proximityfed GPS antenna using stacked substrates [5].…”

“…However, the antenna exhibits relatively high profile. A four-element spiral array using resistor terminations and ferrite beads was designed to operate from 1100 to 1600 MHz [6]. Nonetheless, the loaded resistors compromise the radiation efficiency, and hence reduce the antenna gains.…”

“…In [7], a dual-band proximity-fed GPS antenna was developed using high dielectric ceramic which may increase the antenna cost. Besides, these antennas also have much larger profiles [6,7].…”