Miniature 120-beam coherent combiner with 3D-printed optics for multicore fiber-based endoscopy

Sivankutty, Siddharth; Bertoncini, Andrea; Tsvirkun, Viktor; Kumar, Naveen Gajendra; Brévalle, Gaëlle; Bouwmans, Géraud; Andresen, Esben Ravn; Liberale, Carlo; Rigneault, Hervé

doi:10.1364/ol.435063

Cited by 18 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…a Fermat golden spiral layout [24], wavelength ranges, etc. We conclude that tailoring of the taper profile is a degree of freedom that can be efficiently exploited for ameliorating MCF based lensless endoscopes and we have shown here that it contributes to solving the major power delivery issue that MCF based lensless endoscopes [25]. More generally a tapered multi-core fiber is a valuable add-on into the lensless endoscope toolbox to design, optimize and fabricate ultra-miniaturized endoscope tailored to a broad range of applications.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Tapered multi-core fiber for lensless endoscopes

Moussawi¹,

Hofer²,

Labat³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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We present a novel fiber-optic component, a "tapered multi-core fiber (MCF)", designed for integration into ultra-miniaturized endoscopes for minimally invasive two-photon point-scanning imaging and to address the power delivery issue that has faced MCF based lensless endoscopes. With it we achieve experimentally a factor 6.0 increase in two-photon signal yield while keeping the ability to point-scan by the memory effect, and a factor 8.9 sacrificing the memory effect. To reach this optimal design we first develop and validate a fast numerical model capable of predicting the essential properties of an arbitrarily tapered MCF from its structural parameters. We then use this model to identify the tapered MCF design parameters that result in a chosen set of target properties (point-spread function, delivered power, presence or absence of memory effect). We fabricate the identified target designs by stack-and-draw and post-processing on a CO 2 laser-based glass processing and splicing system. Finally we demonstrate the performance gain of the fabricated tapered MCFs in two-photon imaging when 1

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 73%

Tapered multi-core fiber for lensless endoscopes

Moussawi¹,

Hofer²,

Labat³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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“…For instance, we recently explored the possibility to overcome the low Strehl ratio (∼0.01) achievable by multi-core fibers (point 4) by designing a miniature beam combiner that has the property to artificially increase the surface coverage of the cores. Using a combination of microlenses and a 'top lens' the fabricated miniature beam combiner was shown to achieve a Strehl ratio of 0.35 suitable for two-photon imaging (figure 29) [200]. This 3D micro-printing technique is applicable to any type of fiber and so may well have the potential to improve also lensless endoscopes based on multimode fiber.…”

Section: Advances In Science and Technology To Meet Challengesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Roadmap on wavefront shaping and deep imaging in complex media

et al. 2022

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The last decade has seen the development of a wide set of tools, such as wavefront shaping, computational or fundamental methods, that allow to understand and control light propagation in a complex medium, such as biological tissues or multimode fibers. A vibrant and diverse community is now working on this field, that has revolutionized the prospect of diffraction-limited imaging at depth in tissues. This roadmap highlights several key aspects of this fast developing field, and some of the challenges and opportunities ahead.

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“…[131] In another application for endoscopy, a miniaturized coherent beam combiner presented in Figure 6c,d, including a 120-micro-lens array at the tip of an ultra-thin multicore fiber, demonstrated an efficiency increase of ×35 in performing two-photon imaging. [31] For application in optical coherence tomography, a fiber probe was realized by fabricating a miniaturized optical system containing an off-axis paraboloidal TIR surface. [132] More recently, Li [133] developed novel side-facing free-form micro-optics on single-mode fibers, resulting in an aberrationcorrected optical coherence tomography probe.…”

Section: Imaging Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Micro‐Optics 3D Printed via Multi‐Photon Laser Lithography

Gonzalez‐Hernandez

Varapnickas

Bertoncini

et al. 2022

Advanced Optical Materials

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3D printed objects was first presented by Maruo in a technology-opening article in 1997, [2] where the use of this technology to fabricate micro-optics was also envisaged. The serial writing method of this technique offered flexibility for freeform fabrication, but was limited by its throughput. [3] It took some years for the technology to mature from proof-of-principle level to additive manufacturing as a tool for efficient and reliable fabrication in the modern lab. [4][5][6] Though the first micro-optical elements were demonstrated as early as 2006, [7] the major efforts and results only started to emerge in 2010, [8,9] together with the development of hybrid organic-inorganic materials, [10,11] and rapidly accelerated with the implementation of commercial 3D lithography systems. [12][13][14] By 2020, ultrafast laser 3D printing, also known as two-photon polymerization (TPP or 2PP), multiphoton lithography (MPL), [15][16][17] or simply laser direct writing (LDW), also in literature referenced as direct laser writing (DLW), [18] ) was already an established technique for routine fabrication of diverse micro-optical single elements, stacked components, and integrated devices. [19][20][21] The latest advances in the 3D printing of free-form micro-optics are enhanced by optical grade materials of high refractive index (n) polymers, [22] high-performance hybrids, [23] and optically active [24] or pure inorganic glasses. [25] Figure 1 shows the development of the technique in terms of published papers and citations, defining an "innovator stage" of the technology followed from 2015 by the "early adopters stage." Examples of micro-optical elements fabricated using MPL and the growth in the complexity of the structures that can be achieved by this technique are also shown in Figure 1.The advances in this scientific field attracted the attention of the related laser-assisted precision additive manufacturing industry. First, in 2007 Nanoscribe GmbH and in 2008 Workshop of Photonics established companies oriented toward commercialization of this technology aimed at general wide angle application fields. While in 2013, Multiphoton Optics GmbH and Femtika UAB were established and made micro-optics a significant part of their targeted applications. Finally, in 2017, Vanguard Photonics GmbH manufactured dedicated MPL equipment for micro-lenses and wire bond production. Other companies targeting more diverse applications have continued to emerge, such as UpNano established in 2018, and focusing mostly on biomedical applications yet also offering solutionsThe field of 3D micro-optics is rapidly expanding, and essential advances in femtosecond laser direct-write 3D multi-photon lithography (MPL, also known as two-photon or multi-photon polymerization) are being made. Micro-optics realized via MPL emerged a decade ago and the field has exploded during the last five years. Impressive findings have revealed its potential for beam shaping, advanced imaging, optical sensing, integrated photonic circuits, and much more. This is suppo...

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Miniature 120-beam coherent combiner with 3D-printed optics for multicore fiber-based endoscopy

Cited by 18 publications

References 26 publications

Tapered multi-core fiber for lensless endoscopes

Tapered multi-core fiber for lensless endoscopes

Roadmap on wavefront shaping and deep imaging in complex media

Micro‐Optics 3D Printed via Multi‐Photon Laser Lithography

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