Mini review: Will artificial sweeteners discharged to the aqueous environment unintentionally “sweeten” the taste of tap water?

Dietrich, Andrea M.; Zhen, Pang; Zheng, Huiming; Ma, Xiaoyan

doi:10.1016/j.ceja.2021.100100

Cited by 16 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Artificial sweeteners are sparked the creation of sugar-free goods, notably in diabetes, energy restriction, special diets, and obesity (3). Saccharine, acesulfame-K, aspartame (ASP), cyclamate, neotame, and sucralose are the most prevalent artificial sweeteners (4).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Some Male and Female Rats’ Reproductive Hormones Following Administration of Aspartame With or Without Vitamin C or E

Azeez

2021

Iraqi J. Vet. Med.

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Aspartame (ASP) is a sugar substitute. Its use rose because it has been demonstrated to have deleterious effects after being metabolized. In the presence of antioxidant vitamins C or E, the effects of ASP on reproductive hormones of adult male and female Albino Wister rats were investigated. A total of eighty male and female rats were used in this study. The rats were divided into four groups: group 1, received no treatment; group 2, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW; group 3, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW with vitamin C at 150 mg/kg BW; and group 4, received ASP at 40 mg/kg BW and vitamin E at 100 mg/kg BW. All treatments were given orally by gavage needle once daily for consecutive 90 days. The levels of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and testosterone hormone (TH) were measured after 90 days in blood plasma. In comparison with the control group, ASP treatment resulted in lower levels of E2, FSH, and LH in male and female rats. When the antioxidants vitamin C or E was given, the effects of ASP were reversed, and the levels of E2, LH, and FSH were increased. The testosterone hormone was likewise significantly increased by ASP, but testosterone hormone concentrations were decreased by vitamin C or E treatments. Long-term ASP consumption caused interfering with testicular and ovarian hormonal activity, while vitamins C and E on the other hand, overcome longstanding consumption ASP's effects.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Some Male and Female Rats’ Reproductive Hormones Following Administration of Aspartame With or Without Vitamin C or E

Azeez

2021

Iraqi J. Vet. Med.

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“…Furthermore, previous studies also suggest that the sweetness potency of some sweeteners will decrease as the sweetener level increases, which might be the reason for the fact no alteration was observed with acesulfame K and neotame [ 103 , 104 , 105 ]. An epidemiology study collected by Dietrich et al also showed that saccharine has a lower taste threshold compared to the other three sweeteners, which might be the reason for the dopamine level increment [ 6 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Artificial sweeteners can get into the water cycle not only from industrial waste, but also from household and even human excretion that enters into wastewater treatment plants through which in most cases they pass without any changes. Furthermore, their high solubility in water and resistance to degradation in nature make them emerge as persistent pollutants in the aquatic environment [ 6 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Aside from the possibility of bioaccumulation by planktonic animals, the practice of drinking water directly from the water source is widespread, especially in underdeveloped countries [ 7 ]. Some studies even report that artificial sweeteners were detected in tap water [ 6 , 8 ]. This might lead to a risk of accumulation in the human body and cause some adverse effect because contrary to their designation as non-caloric alternatives to sugar, artificial sweeteners have ironically been linked to the consumption of more calories due to their ability to increase sugar cravings and dependence as well as impairing caloric compensation leading to appetite stimulation [ 9 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae

Saputra

Lai

Fernández

et al. 2021

Biology

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Artificial sweeteners are widely used food ingredients in beverages and drinks to lower calorie intake which in turn helps prevent lifestyle diseases such as obesity. However, as their popularity has increased, the release of artificial sweetener to the aquatic environment has also increased at a tremendous rate. Thus, our study aims to systematically explore the potential cardiovascular physiology alterations caused by eight commercial artificial sweeteners, including acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, sodium cyclamate, dulcin, neotame, saccharine and sucralose, at the highest environmentally relevant concentration on cardiovascular performance using zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a model system. Embryonic zebrafish were exposed to the eight artificial sweeteners at 100 ppb and their cardiovascular performance (heart rate, ejection fraction, fractional shortening, stroke volume, cardiac output, heartbeat variability, and blood flow velocity) was measured and compared. Overall, our finding supports the safety of artificial sweetener exposure. However, several finding like a significant increase in the heart rate and heart rate variability after incubation in several artificial sweeteners are noteworthy. Biomarker testing also revealed that saccharine significantly increase the dopamine level in zebrafish larvae, which is might be the reason for the cardiac physiology changes observed after saccharine exposure.

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“…The US Environmental Protection Agency and the EU set a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for five specific HAAs at 60 µg/L, but not including those HAA substances detected here. Acesulfame is an artificial sweetener and has been shown to survive treatment to result in drinking water concentrations at the ng-µg/L range (Dietrich et al, 2021) (here, at 194 ng/L). Four perfluoroalkylsulfonic acids were also quantified at concentrations <5 ng/L, and more evidence is emerging showing their effects in humans.…”

Section: Analytical Methods Performance For Target Analytes and Compa...mentioning

confidence: 99%

An Improved Non-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening Workflow for Organic Acid Contaminants in Drinking Water

Ciccarelli

Marczylo²,

Víneis

et al. 2022

Preprint

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A novel and generalisable analytical workflow for non-target analysis (NTA) and suspect screening (SS) of organic acids in drinking water is presented, featuring selective extraction by silica-based strong anion exchange solid-phase extraction (SAX-SPE), mixed-mode liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometric (LC-HRMS) analysis, non-targeted peak detection, features reduction and SS. To achieve this, a selection of 23 structurally diverse compounds with a broad range of polarities were evaluated. Importantly, the novel introduction of an elution solvent containing ammonium bicarbonate extended the current applicability of SAX-SPE for strong acids and subsequent mass spectrometry analysis. This new method performed with consistently higher recovery (88 ± 7 % at 500 ng L-1), improved selectivity and lower matrix interference (mean = 12%) over a generic mixed-mode weak anion exchange SPE method. In addition, a novel filter for reducing full-scan features from fulvic and humic acids was successfully introduced, reducing workload and potential for false positives. The workflow was then applied to NTA/SS of 10 London municipal drinking water samples, allowing the identification of 26 confirmed substances including several poorly investigated and potentially harmful compounds. In particular, predicted mutagenicity and occurrence frequency indicated the need for further investigation of halogenated hydroxy-cyclopentene-diones (HCDs) and dibromomethanesulfonic acid in drinking water. Overall, this approach demonstrated that employing some selectivity for general molecular properties in NTA overall helped shortlist suspect and potentially toxic chemical contaminants with higher confidence, in this case for organic acids.

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Mini review: Will artificial sweeteners discharged to the aqueous environment unintentionally “sweeten” the taste of tap water?

Cited by 16 publications

References 39 publications

Evaluation of Some Male and Female Rats’ Reproductive Hormones Following Administration of Aspartame With or Without Vitamin C or E

Evaluation of Some Male and Female Rats’ Reproductive Hormones Following Administration of Aspartame With or Without Vitamin C or E

Acute and Sub-Chronic Exposure to Artificial Sweeteners at the Highest Environmentally Relevant Concentration Induce Less Cardiovascular Physiology Alterations in Zebrafish Larvae

An Improved Non-Target Analysis and Suspect Screening Workflow for Organic Acid Contaminants in Drinking Water

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