Mini Review: Transport of Hydrophobic Polymers Into the Plant Apoplast

Xin, Anzhou; Herburger, Klaus

doi:10.3389/fpls.2020.590990

Cited by 16 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…In addition to the translocation mechanisms mentioned above, lipid-transfer proteins (LTPs), which are small proteins of maximum 10 kDa, can play a role in facilitating the diffusion of hydrophobic molecules through membranes or can assist transmembrane transporters, such as ABCGs [ 61 ]. In more detail, LTPs can diffuse through membranes and present a tunnel-like hydrophobic cavity, which binds lipids or other hydrophobic compounds that are deposited in the apoplast, such as lignins or suberin [ 61 , 62 , 63 ]. However, since it has been shown that members of this family are able to bind isoprenoids (e.g., carotenoids) [ 64 , 65 , 66 ], it cannot be excluded that these proteins might also be involved in the translocation of lipophilic PSMs.…”

Section: General Transport Mechanisms For Psmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenoid Transport in Plants: How Far from the Final Picture?

Demurtas

Nicolia

Diretto

2023

Plants

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Contrary to the biosynthetic pathways of many terpenoids, which are well characterized and elucidated, their transport inside subcellular compartments and the secretion of reaction intermediates and final products at the short- (cell-to-cell), medium- (tissue-to-tissue), and long-distance (organ-to-organ) levels are still poorly understood, with some limited exceptions. In this review, we aim to describe the state of the art of the transport of several terpene classes that have important physiological and ecological roles or that represent high-value bioactive molecules. Among the tens of thousands of terpenoids identified in the plant kingdom, only less than 20 have been characterized from the point of view of their transport and localization. Most terpenoids are secreted in the apoplast or stored in the vacuoles by the action of ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters. However, little information is available regarding the movement of terpenoid biosynthetic intermediates from plastids and the endoplasmic reticulum to the cytosol. Through a description of the transport mechanisms of cytosol- or plastid-synthesized terpenes, we attempt to provide some hypotheses, suggestions, and general schemes about the trafficking of different substrates, intermediates, and final products, which might help develop novel strategies and approaches to allow for the future identification of terpenoid transporters that are still uncharacterized.

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Section: General Transport Mechanisms For Psmsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Terpenoid Transport in Plants: How Far from the Final Picture?

Demurtas

Nicolia

Diretto

2023

Plants

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“…The transfer of suberin monomers, especially aliphatic monomers destined for the SPAD, are reliant in part on half-size ABC transporters and lipid transfer proteins [109]. For example, a rice transporter, RCN1/OsABCG5, is required for root suberization [84], while a pathogen-inducible potato transporter, StABCG1, is involved in the deposition of suberin in tuber skin [25].…”

Section: Atp-binding Cassette (Abc) Transportersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suberin Biosynthesis, Assembly, and Regulation

Woolfson

Esfandiari

Bernards

2022

Plants

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Suberin is a specialized cell wall modifying polymer comprising both phenolic-derived and fatty acid-derived monomers, which is deposited in below-ground dermal tissues (epidermis, endodermis, periderm) and above-ground periderm (i.e., bark). Suberized cells are largely impermeable to water and provide a critical protective layer preventing water loss and pathogen infection. The deposition of suberin is part of the skin maturation process of important tuber crops such as potato and can affect storage longevity. Historically, the term “suberin” has been used to describe a polyester of largely aliphatic monomers (fatty acids, ω-hydroxy fatty acids, α,ω-dioic acids, 1-alkanols), hydroxycinnamic acids, and glycerol. However, exhaustive alkaline hydrolysis, which removes esterified aliphatics and phenolics from suberized tissue, reveals a core poly(phenolic) macromolecule, the depolymerization of which yields phenolics not found in the aliphatic polyester. Time course analysis of suberin deposition, at both the transcriptional and metabolite levels, supports a temporal regulation of suberin deposition, with phenolics being polymerized into a poly(phenolic) domain in advance of the bulk of the poly(aliphatics) that characterize suberized cells. In the present review, we summarize the literature describing suberin monomer biosynthesis and speculate on aspects of suberin assembly. In addition, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of how suberization may be regulated, including at the phytohormone, transcription factor, and protein scaffold levels.

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“…Aside from these hypotheses, a denser cytoplasm in swollen root tips could help establish an effective barrier to solutes (Chen et al, 2011), T A B L E 2 Differential expression of genes associated with the suberin, phenylpropanoid, cutin, and cuticular wax biosynthesis Franke et al, 2009;Lee et al, 2009;Lopes et al, 2020;Paul et al, 2006;Rains et al, 2017;Soler et al, 2007;Trenkamp et al, 2004 Benveniste et al, 1998;Höfer et al, 2008;Li et al, 2007;Lopes et al, 2020;Molina et al, 2009;Rains et al, 2017;Soler et al, 2007 Rains et al, 2017;Shanmugarajah et al, 2019;Shiono et al, 2014;Soler et al, 2007;Xin & Herburger, 2020;Yadav et al,…”

Section: Histochemical and Chemical Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Populus × canescens root suberization in reaction to osmotic and salt stress is limited to the developing younger root tip region

Grünhofer

Stöcker

Guo

et al. 2022

Physiologia Plantarum

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Populus is a valuable and fast‐growing tree species commonly cultivated for economic and scientific purposes. But most of the poplar species are sensitive to drought and salt stress. Thus, we compared the physiological effects of osmotic stress (PEG8000) and salt treatment (NaCl) on poplar roots to identify potential strategies for future breeding or genetic engineering approaches. We investigated root anatomy using epifluorescence microscopy, changes in root suberin composition and amount using gas chromatography, transcriptional reprogramming using RNA sequencing, and modifications of root transport physiology using a pressure chamber. Poplar roots reacted to the imposed stress conditions, especially in the developing younger root tip region, with remarkable differences between both types of stress. Overall, the increase in suberin content was surprisingly small, but the expression of key suberin biosynthesis genes was strongly induced. Significant reductions of the radial water transport in roots were only observed for the osmotic and not the hydrostatic hydraulic conductivity. Our data indicate that the genetic enhancement of root suberization processes in poplar might be a promising target to convey increased tolerance, especially against toxic sodium chloride.

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Mini Review: Transport of Hydrophobic Polymers Into the Plant Apoplast

Cited by 16 publications

References 67 publications

Terpenoid Transport in Plants: How Far from the Final Picture?

Terpenoid Transport in Plants: How Far from the Final Picture?

Suberin Biosynthesis, Assembly, and Regulation

Populus × canescens root suberization in reaction to osmotic and salt stress is limited to the developing younger root tip region

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