Mini-review: A priori considerations for bacteria–algae interactions in algal biofuel systems receiving municipal wastewaters

Factors affecting algae biofilm growth and lipid production: A review

“…Organic and inorganic carbon concentrations in the growth medium will affect the abundance and proportions of algae compared to bacteria -high inorganic and low organic carbon results in algae dominated cultures [55]. In addition to carbon species concentrations, Villanueva et al [63] and Kebede-Westhead et al [35] demonstrated that increases in nitrogen and phosphorus loading rates cause significantly greater photosynthetic biomass accumulation compared to bacteria.…”

“…Generally, the first inhabitors of algal biofilms are bacteria that begin to form an EPS matrix while cells begin to grow away from the growth surface [56,58]. After this conditioning has occurred algae cells are recruited to the matrix and grow in symbiosis and in competition with the bacterial cells present [55,58].…”

“…Bacteria species within biofilms include cyanobacteria, and heterotrophic and autotrophic bacteria. Organisms within biofilms form symbiotic relationships with one another, whereby heterotrophic bacteria supply carbon dioxide during respiration, and photosynthetic organisms utilize the carbon dioxide to generate biomass, thus producing the oxygen for bacteria during respiration [52][53][54][55]. Additionally, carbohydrates, vitamins and organic compounds are excreted by, and become nutrients for, both algae and bacteria within the biofilm [52].…”

Microalgae biorefineries: The Brazilian scenario in perspective

“…Indeed, contamination control and crop protection pose a major challenge for microalgae large-scale cultivation, especially if the use of waste streams rich in organic compounds is considered [54,[82][83][84]. In line with this assumption, industrial residues/ effluents are often pretreated in order to favor microalgae growth over contaminants.…”

“…: pesticide application) have been recently demonstrated [85,88]. It is important to highlight though, that maintaining axenic conditions (algal monocultures without other microorganism's) in algal culturing systems would neither be practical nor economic viable, since a large diversity of microbial organisms will inevitably be present, even in treated cultures/substrates [83]. Therefore, the selection of robust microalgae strains capable of achieving and maintaining high growth rates in exposed cultivation systems even in the presence of a small percentage of contaminants will be required.…”