Mini-Mental State Examination: new normative values on subjects in Southern Italy

Mazzi, Michele Carpinelli; Iavarone, Alessandro; Russo, G.; Musella, Caterina; Milan, Graziella; D'Anna, F.; Garofalo, Elisabetta; Chieffi, Sergio; Sannino, Maria; Illario, Maddalena; Luca, Vincenzo De; Postiglione, Alfredo; Abete, Pasquale

doi:10.1007/s40520-019-01250-2

Cited by 48 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The effect of years of school attendance on apathy was recently described with highly educated persons obtaining lower scores during the validation of an apathy scale [ 9 ]. It is also known that years of school attendance have a significant effect on the performance on cognitive tests [ 10 , 11 ]. However, the effect of education on depression and anxiety symptoms appears in original data, and not clear evidences are reported in the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of isolation, education and gender influence the psychological outcome during COVID-19 lockdown in caregivers of patients with dementia

Mazzi

Iavarone

Musella³

et al. 2020

Eur Geriatr Med

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Aim To evaluate the effects of the COVID-19 emergency lockdown on the psychological outcome in caregivers of patients with dementia and on the loss of welfare services in these patients. Findings Time of isolation, education and gender had a significant effect on anxiety and depression. A marked reduction of health services was observed in all patients with dementia. Message The lockdown registered a particularly negative impact on people with dementia and their caregivers.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Time of isolation, education and gender influence the psychological outcome during COVID-19 lockdown in caregivers of patients with dementia

Mazzi

Iavarone

Musella³

et al. 2020

Eur Geriatr Med

Self Cite

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“…MMSE and MoCA scores were adjusted for age and education and converted to equivalent scores (ESs) [ 5 ] based on current norms [ 6 , 7 ]. The ES scale allows drawing clinical classifications from performances as follows: ES=0 → impaired; ES=1 → borderline; ES=2 → “low-end” normal; ES=3 → normal; and ES=4 → “high-end” normal.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Screening for cognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a comparison between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

et al. 2021

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Background Due to SARS-CoV-2-related encephalopathic features, COVID-19 patients may show cognitive sequelae that negatively affect functional outcomes. However, although cognitive screening has been recommended in recovered individuals, little is known about which instruments are suitable to this scope by also accounting for clinical status. This study thus aimed at comparatively assessing the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) in detecting cognitive deficits in post - COVID-19 patients premorbidly/contextually being or not at risk for cognitive deficits (RCD + ; RCD-). Methods Data from N = 100 COVID-19-recovered individuals having been administered both the MMSE and the MoCA were retrospectively analyzed separately for each group. RCD ± classification was performed by taking into consideration both previous and disease-related conditions. Equivalent scores (ESs) were adopted to examine classification performances of the two screeners. Results The two groups were comparable as for most background and cognitive measures. MMSE or MoCA adjusted scores were mostly unrelated to disease-related features. The two screeners yielded similar estimates of below-cut-off performances—RCD + : MMSE: 20%, MoCA: 23.6%; RCD-: MMSE: 2.2%, MoCA: 4.4%. However, agreement rates dropped when also addressing borderline, “low-end” normal, and normal ability categories—with the MoCA attributing lower levels than the MMSE (RCD + : Cohen’s k = .47; RCD-: Cohen’s k = .17). Discussion Although both the MMSE and the MoCA proved to be equally able to detect severe cognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in both RCD + and RCD- patients, the MoCA appeared to be able to reveal sub-clinical defects and more sharply discriminate between different levels of ability.

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“…All participants were evaluated with a neuropsychological battery [36] comprising the Mini Mental State Examination (MMSE) [37][38][39] for cognitive functions, always by the same neuropsychologist (M.G.V.) with more than 10 years of experience in neuropsychological assessment of neurological and neurodegenerative diseases.…”

Section: Mmse Assessmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Novel Approach for Cognitive Clustering of Parkinsonisms through Affinity Propagation

et al. 2021

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Cluster analysis is widely applied in the neuropsychological field for exploring patterns in cognitive profiles, but traditional hierarchical and non-hierarchical approaches could be often poorly effective or even inapplicable on certain type of data. Moreover, these traditional approaches need the initial specification of the number of clusters, based on a priori knowledge not always owned. For this reason, we proposed a novel method for cognitive clustering through the affinity propagation (AP) algorithm. In particular, we applied the AP clustering on the regression residuals of the Mini Mental State Examination scores—a commonly used screening tool for cognitive impairment—of a cohort of 49 Parkinson’s disease, 48 Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and 44 healthy control participants. We found four clusters, where two clusters (68 and 30 participants) showed almost intact cognitive performance, one cluster had a moderate cognitive impairment (34 participants), and the last cluster had a more extensive cognitive deficit (8 participants). The findings showed, for the first time, an intra- and inter-diagnostic heterogeneity in the cognitive profile of Parkinsonisms patients. Our novel method of unsupervised learning could represent a reliable tool for supporting the neuropsychologists in understanding the natural structure of the cognitive performance in the neurodegenerative diseases.

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Mini-Mental State Examination: new normative values on subjects in Southern Italy

Cited by 48 publications

References 9 publications

Time of isolation, education and gender influence the psychological outcome during COVID-19 lockdown in caregivers of patients with dementia

Time of isolation, education and gender influence the psychological outcome during COVID-19 lockdown in caregivers of patients with dementia

Screening for cognitive sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: a comparison between the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA)

A Novel Approach for Cognitive Clustering of Parkinsonisms through Affinity Propagation

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