Mini-chunk biochar supercapacitors

Zhang, Lei; Jiang, Junhua; Holm, Nancy; Chen, Fangling

doi:10.1007/s10800-014-0726-7

Cited by 50 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Recently, biochar activated carbon, produced from the pyrolysis of inexpensive biomass feedstock (wood, manure, and agricultural residue) has attracted numerous attentions for energy storage applications. 39,40 Naturally abundant biomass resources often possess hierarchical structures such as hierarchical pore network and periodic pattern, which may be unique precursors for the fabrication of nanostructured carbon materials with desirable properties for supercapacitors. 41,42 Biomass resources are sustainable which can be not only transformed into biofuels to replace fossil fuels but also converted into green carbon materials.…”

Section: H5044mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Monolithic Biochar Supercapacitor Using Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Jiang

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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A supercapacitor comprising of two binder-free biochar monolith electrodes and 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium tetrafluoroborate based ionic liquid electrolyte was studied at room temperature and 140 • C by cyclic voltammetry, constant-current charge-discharge, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The supercapacitor exhibits an operating voltage window of approximately 6 V. It is found that increasing temperature from room temperature to 140 • C considerably increases its specific mass capacity and its charge-discharge rate by a factor of approximately 10. The specific capacity of the supercapacitor calculated from the voltammetric measurements depended on scan rates. At 140 • C, a capacity of 21 F g −1 was obtained at 5 mV s −1 and this value decreases to around 10 F g −1 at 100 mV s −1 ; the constant-current charge-discharge profiles exhibit pseudo-linear voltage-time responses during the discharges. The supercapacitor shows good stability characteristics of no obvious performance decay after 1000 cycles within a voltage window of 6 V. Electrochemical impedance spectra of the supercapacitor display a wide linear region corresponding to diffusion control. The energy densities of the supercapacitor that are normalized to the total active electrode materials are higher than 20 Wh kg −1 when its power density is lower than 2000 W kg −1 . These facts suggest that the high-temperature biochar supercapacitor would be a promising energy-storage device with high energy and power density. Securing our energy future is the most important problem that humanity faces in this century. Electrochemical energy storage systems such as batteries and electrochemical capacitors (or supercapacitors) have been considered the most effective technologies for practical applications, 1,2 however, the battery front-runner, Li-ion batteries, suffer from a sluggish charge/discharge and a limited lifespan.3 Due to these limitations, supercapacitors have received rapidly increasing attention for their applications in energy storage due to their high power density, rapid charge-discharge capability, and long life cycle.4-7 Currently, more than 80% of commercial supercapacitors utilize carbon as a primary active electrode material. The energy is stored at the electrolyte/carbon interfaces through two primary mechanisms: electrochemical double layer capacitance (EDLC) which involves physical adsorption of ions from the electrolyte, and pseudocapacitance involving reversible faradaic redox reactions. 8,9 The stored energy of a supercapacitor (E) can be calculated based on the following equation:where C is the dc capacitance in F, and V is the nominal voltage. The most important challenge supercapacitors are facing today is increasing the cell energy density beyond 10 Wh kg −1 and reducing costs at the same time.11 This can be potentially achieved by increasing the cell capacitance and/or operating voltage. The capacitance is generally determined by the carbon/electrolyte interface and electrochemical behavior of carbon surfaces. To increase t...

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Section: H5044mentioning

confidence: 99%

High Temperature Monolithic Biochar Supercapacitor Using Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Jiang

2017

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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“…Another advantage is an increase in soil fertility [14] and the stimulation of crucial rhizobial microorganisms [15], which improves plant growth conditions. Moreover, biochar can be used as a heterogeneous catalyst with wide application and for energy storage and conversion (supercapacitor, lithium battery) [16]. Its fast commercialization is expected [17].…”

Section: Other Biochar Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar – Ecological Product and Its Application in Environmental Protection

Gembalová¹,

Klouda²,

Rusín³

et al. 2017

dtetr

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Biochar is a product of the pyrolysis of waste from the process of biomass fermentation. It is the case of a porous carbonaceous material with a compact hydrophobic core of predominantly aromatic structure, sheathed with a shell exhibiting hydrophilic and chemically active properties (surface groups: -OH, C=O, -COOH). One of properties usable in environmental protection is its adsorption ability toward heavy metals and organic pollutants (pesticides, PAHs, pharmaceutical products, industrial wastes). The contribution contains the description of preparation, surface analysis (SEM), identification of functional groups (FTIR) and proposal for possible surface modifications (sonification, oxidation, reduction, hydrothermal pyrolysis with graphene oxide, etc.) with a view to increase the sorption ability of biochar.

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“…tests of phytotoxicity -germination, root elongation, plant growth, tests of escape behavior annelid worms, effects on soil microfl ora, behavior of biochar in soil organic matter etc. Exposure to dust and fi re hazards (Yao and Wu, 2015;Zhang et al, 2014), such as heterogeneous catalyst with a broad fi eld of application, material for energy storage and conversion as a supercapacitator or Li-battery, the main application of biochar is in soil engineering and as an adsorbent for various inorganic and organic pollutants, both in water and soil environment -see below. In respect to agriculture (soil), biochar is recognized to have the following benefi ts (Krishnakumar et al, 2014):…”

Section: Biochar Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochar Modification, Thermal Stability and Toxicity of Products Modification

Roupcová¹,

Romana²,

Klouda³

et al. 2017

TRANSACTIONS of the VŠB – Technical University of Ostrava, Safety Engineering Series

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Abstract:Biochar is a product obtained from processing of waste biomass. The main application of biochar is in soil and environment remediation. Some new applications of this carbonaceous material take advantage of its adsorption capacity use it as a heterogeneous catalyst for energy storage and conversion etc. This contribution describes thermal stability of the original biochar. It discusses biochar modifi ed by chemical and physical methods including a new compound of biochar-graphene oxide. The purpose of the modifi cations is to increase its active surface to introduce active functional groups into the carbon structure of biochar in relation to fi re safety and toxicity of those products.

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Mini-chunk biochar supercapacitors

Cited by 50 publications

References 27 publications

High Temperature Monolithic Biochar Supercapacitor Using Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

High Temperature Monolithic Biochar Supercapacitor Using Ionic Liquid Electrolyte

Biochar – Ecological Product and Its Application in Environmental Protection

Biochar Modification, Thermal Stability and Toxicity of Products Modification

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