Abstract:Liver cancer, especially hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), is particularly prevalent in Africa and Asia. HCC affects the Hispanic population of the United States at a rate double that of the white population. The majority of people with HCC will die within 1 year of its detection. This high case-fatality rate can in part be attributed to lack of diagnostic methods that allow early detection. How to establish a methodology to identify the high-risk individuals for HCC remains to be investigated. The multifactoria… Show more
“…These results indicated that autoantibodies against 14-3-3ζ in HCC sera might be potential biomarkers for early-stage HCC screening and diagnosis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the sensitivity using a single anti-TAA antibody as biomarker in HCC diagnosis is usually not very high, and using a mini-array of multiple TAAs to enhance anti-TAA antibody detection may be an optimal approach in HCC immunodiagnosis [32–34]. In the current study, although the detection of anti-14-3-3ζ antibody itself in HCC does not have enough sensitivity for HCC diagnosis, it can still be used as an optimal TAA adding to the panel of TAAs we have selected and validated in our previous studies.…”
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the conventional biomarker currently used in clinical diagnosis of this malignancy. However, AFP is not reliable for early diagnosis, and especially the sensitivity and specificity of AFP in HCC diagnosis are not optimal. Early detection of HCC is an important issue because of the very poor prognosis and usually no more than 6 months survival after diagnosis. Therefore, there is a need for the development of more sensitive and specific methods that can supplement AFP in the early detection of this cancer. In this study, autoantibody responses to 14-3-3ζ in HCC were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with tissue array slides was also performed to analyze protein expression of 14-3-3ζ in HCC and control tissues. The prevalence of autoantibodies against 14-3-3ζ was 16.7 % (28/168) in HCC, which was significantly higher than that in liver cirrhosis (LC), chronic hepatitis (CH), and normal human sera (NHS) (P<0.01). The average titer of autoantibodies against 14-3-3ζ in HCC sera was higher compared to that in LC, CH, and NHS (P<0.01). In the further study, anti-14-3-3ζ antibodies have been detected in the sera from several HCC patients with serial bleeding samples. A stronger reactive band with 14-3-3ζ in western blot can be seen in sera at 9 months before the clinical diagnosis of HCC. Our preliminary data indicate that anti-14-3-3ζ autoantibodies may be potential biomarkers for early-stage HCC screening and diagnosis.
“…These results indicated that autoantibodies against 14-3-3ζ in HCC sera might be potential biomarkers for early-stage HCC screening and diagnosis. Our previous studies have demonstrated that the sensitivity using a single anti-TAA antibody as biomarker in HCC diagnosis is usually not very high, and using a mini-array of multiple TAAs to enhance anti-TAA antibody detection may be an optimal approach in HCC immunodiagnosis [32–34]. In the current study, although the detection of anti-14-3-3ζ antibody itself in HCC does not have enough sensitivity for HCC diagnosis, it can still be used as an optimal TAA adding to the panel of TAAs we have selected and validated in our previous studies.…”
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer and the third leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Serum alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is the conventional biomarker currently used in clinical diagnosis of this malignancy. However, AFP is not reliable for early diagnosis, and especially the sensitivity and specificity of AFP in HCC diagnosis are not optimal. Early detection of HCC is an important issue because of the very poor prognosis and usually no more than 6 months survival after diagnosis. Therefore, there is a need for the development of more sensitive and specific methods that can supplement AFP in the early detection of this cancer. In this study, autoantibody responses to 14-3-3ζ in HCC were evaluated by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), western blot, and indirect immunofluorescence assay. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) with tissue array slides was also performed to analyze protein expression of 14-3-3ζ in HCC and control tissues. The prevalence of autoantibodies against 14-3-3ζ was 16.7 % (28/168) in HCC, which was significantly higher than that in liver cirrhosis (LC), chronic hepatitis (CH), and normal human sera (NHS) (P<0.01). The average titer of autoantibodies against 14-3-3ζ in HCC sera was higher compared to that in LC, CH, and NHS (P<0.01). In the further study, anti-14-3-3ζ antibodies have been detected in the sera from several HCC patients with serial bleeding samples. A stronger reactive band with 14-3-3ζ in western blot can be seen in sera at 9 months before the clinical diagnosis of HCC. Our preliminary data indicate that anti-14-3-3ζ autoantibodies may be potential biomarkers for early-stage HCC screening and diagnosis.
“…Depending on this, three categories of tissue microarray can be defined:4 (1) With multitumor arrays, many tumor types are sampled, from a diverse set of donor blocks, and arrayed on one recipient tissue microarray block. With this type of tissue microarray, a large group of tumors can then be expeditiously screened for the presence or absence of novel markers 28–30. (2) For tumor progression arrays, morphological and molecular changes through the different stages of tumor progression, of one particular tumor type, can be assessed in tumor progression tissue microarrays.…”
Tissue microarray is a recent innovation in the field of pathology. A microarray contains many small representative tissue samples from hundreds of different cases assembled on a single histologic slide, and therefore allows high throughput analysis of multiple specimens at the same time. Tissue microarrays are paraffin blocks produced by extracting cylindrical tissue cores from different paraffin donor blocks and re-embedding these into a single recipient (microarray) block at defined array coordinates. Using this technique, up to 1000 or more tissue samples can be arrayed into a single paraffin block. It can permit simultaneous analysis of molecular targets at the DNA, mRNA, and protein levels under identical, standardized conditions on a single glass slide, and also provide maximal preservation and use of limited and irreplaceable archival tissue samples. This versatile technique, in which data analysis is automated facilitates retrospective and prospective human tissue studies. It is a practical and effective tool for high-throughput molecular analysis of tissues that is helping to identify new diagnostic and prognostic markers and targets in human cancers, and has a range of potential applications in basic research, prognostic oncology and drug discovery. This article summarizes the technical aspects of tissue microarray construction and sectioning, advantages, application, and limitations.
“…Tumour resection is currently the best treatment choice among the numerous therapy methods available. However, HCC is often diagnosed at a late stage, when the prognosis is poor, and many patients die within 1 year after the detection of HCC . Therefore, the identification of effective markers to predict the outcome of HCC patients accurately is necessary.…”
To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report investigating Pygo2 expression patterns and their clinicopathological significance in HCC. Our findings suggest that Pygo2 may be an important predictor of poor outcome in HCC patients, and could serve as a novel biomarker for HCC.
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