Minerals and Natural Analogues

Lumpkin, Gregory R.; Geisler-Wierwille, T.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-056033-5.00111-7

Cited by 32 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 147 publications

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“…a significant weight loading in actinides (AnO 2 > 16 wt. %, with An = Th/U in natural samples) [4,5], high chemical durability [6,7], and strong resistance to radiation damages [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction sintering of rhabdophane into monazite-cheralite Nd1-2xThxCaxPO4 (x = 0 – 0.1) ceramics

Qin

Mesbah

Lautru

et al. 2020

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…a significant weight loading in actinides (AnO 2 > 16 wt. %, with An = Th/U in natural samples) [4,5], high chemical durability [6,7], and strong resistance to radiation damages [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reaction sintering of rhabdophane into monazite-cheralite Nd1-2xThxCaxPO4 (x = 0 – 0.1) ceramics

Qin

Mesbah

Lautru

et al. 2020

Journal of the European Ceramic Society

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“…Metamict minerals that is those that have sustained a degree of radiation-induced structural disorder from the decay of incorporated radionuclides are often annealed in order to establish their original crystalline structure [1][2][3][4]. However, recent studies of radiation damage induced by ion beam damage (e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermal annealing of natural, radiation-damaged pyrochlore

Zietlow

Beirau

Mihailova

et al. 2016

Zeitschrift Für Kristallographie - Crystalline Materials

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Radiation damage in minerals is caused by the α-decay of incorporated radionuclides, such as U and Th and their decay products. The effect of thermal annealing (400-1000 K) on radiation-damaged pyrochlores has been investigated by Raman scattering, X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), and combined differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetry (DSC/TG). The analysis of three natural radiation-damaged pyrochlore samples from Miass/Russia [6.4 wt% Th, 23.1 · 10 18 α-decay events per gram (dpg)], Panda Hill/Tanzania (1.6 wt% Th, 1.6 · 10 18 dpg), and Blue River/Canada (10.5 wt% U, 115.4 · 10 18 dpg), are compared with a crystalline reference pyrochlore from Schelingen (Germany). The type of structural recovery depends on the initial degree of radiation damage (Panda Hill 28 %, Blue River 85 % and Miass 100 % according to XRD), as the recrystallization temperature increases with increasing degree of amorphization. Raman spectra indicate reordering on the local scale during annealing-induced recrystallization. As Raman modes around 800 cm −1 are sensitive to radiation damage . The most radiation damaged pyrochlore (Miass) shows an abrupt recovery of both, its short-(Raman) and long-range order (X-ray) between 800 and 850 K, while the weakly damaged pyrochlore (Panda Hill) begins to recover at considerably lower temperatures (near 500 K), extending over a temperature range of ca. 300 K, up to 800 K (Raman). The pyrochlore from Blue River shows in its initial state an amorphous X-ray diffraction pattern superimposed by weak Bragg-maxima that indicates the existence of ordered regions in a damaged matrix. In contrast to the other studied pyrochlores, Raman spectra of the Blue River sample show the appearance of local modes above 560 K between 700 and 800 cm −1 resulting from its high content of U and Ta impurities. DSC measurements confirmed the observed structural recovery upon annealing. While the annealing-induced ordering of Panda Hill begins at a lower temperature (ca. 500 K) the recovery of the highly-damaged pyrochlore from Miass occurs at 800 K. The Blue-River pyrochlore shows a multi-step recovery which is similarly seen by XRD. Thermogravimetry showed a continuous mass loss on heating for all radiation-damaged pyrochlores (Panda Hill ca. 1 %, Blue River ca. 1.5 %, Miass ca. 2.9 %).

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“…Crystalline ceramics are important host materials for long-term immobilization of long-lived radioactive wastes such as actinides 1 and volatile iodine 2,3 . The long-term stability of those crystalline ceramics can be verified by natural analogs that survive the million years of Earth's evolution 4 . Guided from nature, various materials systems have been developed as potential waste forms to immobilize the challenging radioactive wastes i.e., Synroc 5 which contains the minerals of hollandite, zirconolite, and perovskite for various types of radionuclides, have been developed and proposed as potential waste forms to immobilize the challenging radioactive wastes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Corrosion interactions between stainless steel and lead vanado-iodoapatite nuclear waste form part II

et al. 2020

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This paper studied the release of iodine from lead vanado-iodoapatite (I-APT, Pb 9.85 (VO 4) 6 I 1.7), a potential nuclear waste form for the radioactive waste element of I-129, which can be enhanced when crevice corrosion of stainless steel (SS) occurring nearby. Reference corrosion studies of I-APT were performed in different bulk solutions including DI water, 0.6 M and 6 M NaCl, and 0.1 M HNO 3 without metal crevice corrosion interactions. The localized enrichment of Cl − , one of the major consequences of SS crevice corrosion, was found to be the decisive factor that led to the enhanced release of iodine. A surface alteration layer consisting of a mixture of nanocrystalline I-APT and Cl-rich apatite (Cl-APT) formed on I-APT surface. Meanwhile, large Cl-APT crystals formed at the crevice mouth on the I-APT surface. This study reveals a new near-field corrosion mechanism for ceramic waste forms when they are exposed to aggressive local corrosive conditions created by the electrochemical reactions of nearby metals. The insight gained in this study could be beneficial for a more accurate prediction of waste form degradation.

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Minerals and Natural Analogues

Cited by 32 publications

References 147 publications

Reaction sintering of rhabdophane into monazite-cheralite Nd1-2xThxCaxPO4 (x = 0 – 0.1) ceramics

Reaction sintering of rhabdophane into monazite-cheralite Nd1-2xThxCaxPO4 (x = 0 – 0.1) ceramics

Thermal annealing of natural, radiation-damaged pyrochlore

Corrosion interactions between stainless steel and lead vanado-iodoapatite nuclear waste form part II

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