Mineralogy of Non-Silicified Fossil Wood

Mustoe, George

doi:10.3390/geosciences8030085

Cited by 16 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…This is probably due to the difference in permeability and mobility of the fluid in the sandstone and in the carbonate concretion. According to recent studies (Yoshida et al, 2015;2018), the formation of carbonate concretion around fossilized shells occurs rapidly in the very early stage of diagenesis through the reaction of Ca 2+ with HCO3produced by the decomposition of the soft (organic) tissues under a diffusion-controlled environment. Therefore, in the present case it is very likely that the formation of carbonate concretions occurred prior to the precipitation of zeolite in the shells and caused a decrease in permeability around the shells, which limited the transport of cations into the shell.…”

Section: A C C E P T E D I N J M P S P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Permineralization of fossils, the phenomenon in which a part of or whole organic tissue is replaced or filled with mineral crystals during or after fossilization, is often observed in nature (e.g., Mustoe, 2018;Yushkin et al, 2011). A typical example is silicified wood in which the internal cellular tissue has been replaced by silica (opal and chalcedony) while retaining the overall appearance and texture of wood (e.g., Mustoe, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mineralogical study on zeolites in gastropod fossils in Miocene sediments in Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan

ISHIHARA,

OHFUJI

2023

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

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In this study, we investigated the origin and formation process of zeolitized gastropod fossils in Neogene sediments (Shiote Formation) in Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan using powder X-ray diffraction, SEM-EDS and micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis. The formation of zeolites was particularly pronounced in the upper chamber, which was not filled with detrital particles, of the gastropod fossils, where tabular crystals of heulandite were observed growing directly from the shell wall. The heulandite crystals are often covered by large euhedral crystals of calcite and occasionally by acicular crystals of mordenite. The formation of zeolite (heulandite) was also observed in the matrix of the host sandstone together with clay minerals (mostly montmorillonite), suggesting that the Shiote Formation experienced moderate metamorphism equivalent to zeolite facies during burial diagenesis. The Si/Al ratio of heulandite was found to decrease gradually from the bottom (~4.5) to the top (~3.1) within single crystals across the threshold (4.0) for clinoptilolite/heulandite classification boundary. This may reflect the increase in temperature of the surrounding environment with increase in the burial depth. The extensive growth of zeolites and calcite inside the gastropod fossils indicates that the shell provided semi-closed spaces in which pore fluid could be retained and A c c e p t e d i n J M P S P r e -p r o o f

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Section: A C C E P T E D I N J M P S P R E -P R O O Fmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralogical study on zeolites in gastropod fossils in Miocene sediments in Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan

ISHIHARA,

OHFUJI

2023

Journal of Mineralogical and Petrological Sciences

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“…The relatively slow rate of this degradation is consistent with observations of recent waterlogged wood. Wood-hulled shipwrecks have remained intact after several centuries of sea bottom exposure e.g., [37], and wood buried in Late Pleistocene deposits has ages >100,000 years BP [38,39]. Vancouver Island fossil woods commonly show excellent anatomical preservation, but after millions of years, this relict tissue is no longer pristine wood.…”

Section: Fossilization Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calcite-Mineralized Fossil Wood from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Mustoe

Beard

2021

Geosciences

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Calcite-mineralized wood occurs in marine sedimentary rocks on Vancouver Island, British Columbia at sites that range in age from Early Cretaceous to Paleocene. These fossil woods commonly have excellent anatomical preservation that resulted from a permineralization process where calcite infiltrated buried wood under relatively gentle geochemical conditions. Wood specimens typically occur in calcareous concretions in feldspathic clastic sediment. Other concretions in the same outcrops that contain abundant mollusk and crustacea fossils are evidence that plant remains were fluvially transported into a marine basin. Fossiliferous concretions commonly show zoning, comprising an inner region of progressive precipitation where calcite cement developed as a concentric halo around the organic nucleus. An outer zone was produced by pervasive cementation, which was produced when calcite was simultaneously precipitated in pore spaces over the entire zone.

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“…Contrarily, during the permineralization, cell materials remain at least partially intact and open spaces will be filled with mineral. The two processes are not independent, they commonly occur concurrently (Mustoe 2008(Mustoe , 2017(Mustoe , 2018. The resulting rock versions have different physical behaviour, which depends mainly on the minerals involved in the fossilization.…”

Section: Petrified Woodmentioning

confidence: 99%

Utilization of some non-flint lithic raw materials in the Palaeolithic in the Cserhát Mountains and the Galga Valley (Northern Hungary)

Attila

2021

Archeometriai Műhely

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The systematic field surveys in the area of the Cserhát Mountains and the Galga Valley had begun after the excavations of the year 1992. The primary target was to localize new Palaeolithic sites; the secondary one was to find new possible raw material sources. The first results regarding the raw material sources were published in a paper dealing with the utilization of nummulitic chert in the Middle Palaeolithic (Markó & Kázmér 2004). This paper was followed by a detailed review of András Markó in the Hungarian language on the limnic quartzite occurrences in the Cserhát Mountains (Markó 2005). In the last one and a half-decade, primarily from point of some non-flint raw materials, such as andesite, nummulitic chert, petrified wood, quartzite and siliceous pebble, several new results have been achieved. In the following summary, besides the geological occurrences, the archaeological utilization of these raw materials will be discussed as well. The results cannot be regarded as complete, neither concerning Nógrád County, nor Pest County. Implicitly the field surveys could not have been extended those parts of the Cserhát Mountains, which are either wooded or agriculturally not cultivated. The approximate size of the studied area is 1,200 km2.

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Mineralogy of Non-Silicified Fossil Wood

Cited by 16 publications

References 57 publications

Mineralogical study on zeolites in gastropod fossils in Miocene sediments in Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan

Mineralogical study on zeolites in gastropod fossils in Miocene sediments in Minamisoma, Fukushima, Japan

Calcite-Mineralized Fossil Wood from Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada

Utilization of some non-flint lithic raw materials in the Palaeolithic in the Cserhát Mountains and the Galga Valley (Northern Hungary)

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